#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 the effectiveness of management strategies and document changes in ecosystem health and function. A socio-economic valuation of Hawaii’s reefs raised awareness of their value and will facilitate damage assessments in ship grounding cases. Unprecedented amounts of marine debris and grounded vessels were removed from the MHI and NWHI, indicating that these could be ongoing problems. Preliminary research indicates that MPAs are effective in increasing biodiversity and coral reef fish stocks and Hawaii needs to strengthen the political will to establish and enforce restricted-use zones where they will be most effective. While new partnerships have been formed by management agencies, academia, NGOs and user communities, there is a need for more financial and political support for the existing and proposed efforts at conserving the exceptionally wide variety of coral reef habitats and resources in the Hawaiian Archipelago. REVIEWERS Charles (Chuck) Birkeland, Hawai’i. AUTHOR CONTACTS Rusty Brainard, National Marine Fisheries Service in Honolulu, (Rusty.Brainard@noaa.gov); Alan Friedlander, Oceanic Institute, Waimanalo, (afriedlander@oceanicinstitute.org); Dave Gulko, Hawai’i Department of Land & Natural Resources, (david_a_gulko@exec.state.hi.us); Cynthia Hunter, Waikiki Aquarium Honolulu, (cindyh@hawaii.edu); Ruth Kelty, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, (ruth.kelty@noaa.gov); Jim Maragos, U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service in Hawai’I, (jim_maragos@fws.gov) SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION Jokiel PL, Brown EK, Friedlander A, Rogers SK, Smith WR, (2001). Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP) Final Report 1999-2000. HCRI and NOAA Technical Report. Silver Spring, MD. 66pp. 248
Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago US INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR CORAL REEFS The U.S.A. has strong political and economic interests in protecting international coral reef ecosystems. Healthy marine ecosystems are critical to US diplomatic and development strategies to promote economic and food security, social stability, democratic governance, improved human health, disaster and climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation in many countries. Coral reef ecosystems have great economic, social and cultural importance and constitute the economic base and future hope for sustained development in many countries. The U.S. National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs identifies reducing international threats to reefs as a goal and the National Strategy outlines the US approach to meeting that goal. In general, the US Government is forging and supporting strategic partnerships with international organizations and conventions, the International Coral Reef Initiative, other governments, NGOs, and the public and private sectors to address international threats and encourage broad stakeholder involvement. Domestic and international partners collaborate to conserve coral reefs, mangrove forests, seagrass meadows, and biodiversity around the world, while sustaining the human communities that depend on them. The primary agencies involved in international partnerships are US AID, the State Department, NOAA, FWS, and EPA. Development and technical assistance efforts focus on building human and institutional capacity for integrated coastal management, marine park and protected area management, reduction of land-based sources of pollution, sustainable tourism, and sustainable fisheries in coral reef nations. In many cases, these capacity-building efforts will provide the foundation for a governance system based upon the principles of transparent, participatory governance and adaptive management. The strategy includes six broad objectives to reduce threats to international reefs from human activities: • Exercise global leadership in the international arena in shaping and developing environmentally sound and comprehensive ocean and coral reef policy; • Build human and institutional capacity to manage and conserve reef ecosystems and coastal watersheds through integrated coastal management; • Promote efforts to prevent, reduce and control land-based sources of pollution and their effects on coral reef ecosystems, including beaches, lagoons, seagrass beds, mangrove forests, shallow reefs, deep reefs and submerged bank reefs; • Support the creation and effective management of coral reef marine protected areas, particularly those that contain substantial ecological (i.e. no-take) reserves; • Address the impact of global change, coral bleaching, and coral health on reefs and people; • Address unsustainable and destructive fishing practices and the US role in and impact on international trade in coral reef species. To meet these objectives, US agencies are strengthening international partnership efforts to conserve coral reefs. A new International Coral Grants Program provides funding for international projects that study management effectiveness, make socio- 249
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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