#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Dedication This book is dedicated to all those people who are working to conserve the coral reefs of the world – we thank them for their efforts. It is also dedicated to the International Coral Reef Initiative and partners, one of which is the Government of the United States of America operating through the US Coral Reef Task Force. Of particular mention is the support to the GCRMN from the US Department of State and the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. I wish to make a special dedication to Robert (Bob) E. Johannes (1936-2002) who has spent over 40 years working on coral reefs, especially linking the scientists who research and monitor reefs with the millions of people who live on and beside these resources and often depend for their lives from them. Bob had a rare gift of understanding both sides and advocated a partnership of traditional and modern management for reef conservation. We will miss you Bob! Front cover: Back cover: Vanuatu - burning of branching Acropora corals in a coral rock oven to make lime for chewing betel nut (photo by Terry Done, AIMS, see page 190). Great Barrier Reef - diver measuring large crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) and freshly eaten Acropora corals (photo by Peter Moran, AIMS). This report has been produced for the sole use of the party who requested it. The application or use of this report and of any data or information (including results of experiments, conclusions, and recommendations) contained within it shall be at the sole risk and responsibility of that party. AIMS does not provide any warranty or assurance as to the accuracy or suitability of the whole or any part of the report, for any particular purpose or application. Subject only to any contrary non-excludable statutory obligations neither AIMS nor its personnel will be responsible to the party requesting the report, or any other person claiming through that party, for any consequences of its use or application (whether in whole or part). © Australian Institute of Marine Science, 2002 Office locations: Townsville, Queensland (main laboratories) PMB No 3, Townsville MC Qld 4810 Telephone (07) 4753 4444 Facsimile (07) 4772 5852 Darwin, Northern Territory PO Box 40197, Casuarina NT 0811 Telephone (08) 8946 6716 Facsimile (08) 8946 6847 Perth, Western Australia PO Box 83, Fremantle WA 6959 Telephone (08) 9433 4440 Facsimile (08) 9433 4443 www.aims.gov.au ISSN 1447-6185 ii
FOREWORD Our two governments have responded to the plight of coral reefs outlined since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, and reiterated in Johannesburg at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in 2002. The Philippines and Sweden have combined to guide the Secretariat of the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) with the goal of bringing developing and developed countries together to conserve coral reefs. Our coral reefs are being damaged by both natural and human pressures and unless we act now, it is predicted that over half of the world’s coral reefs could be severely degraded within a generation. Coral reefs can recover from natural threats, but recovery is slow from the direct and indirect damage that people are doing to reefs. Often that damage is inadvertent as people seek food or cultural items from the reefs, but unfortunately some of the damage is deliberate through constructing airports, ports and dredging channels. Damage is caused indirectly through poor land use practices that result in sediments and excess nutrients pouring over the reefs and through the release of sewage and industrial wastes that cause eutrophication. Even our excessive use of plastic bags ends up damaging coral reefs. The responses to these alarm calls have been the establishment of ICRI, the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, CORDIO (Coral Degradation in the Indian Ocean), Reef Check, ReefBase and the World Resources Institute Reefs at Risk project, to mention just some. All people in the world are ‘stakeholders’ in coral reefs as we have inherited their wealth of biodiversity and natural beauty, therefore we all share the responsibility for conserving them. We now understand what damages coral reefs and the critical measures that users, local and national governments, international agencies and NGOs have to do in partnership to conserve reefs. We are pleased to see that in the Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 report, there are many global and local initiatives being implemented to arrest the damage, conserve coral reefs and establish more protected areas. One example is Apo Island, in the Philippines, where the local university and the community have worked together to conserve their resources for the benefit of all. Another initiative is to ensure that the trade in live fish for restaurants and the aquarium trade is ecologically sustainable, and not damaging the reefs of Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The Government of the Philippines, one of the founding countries of ICRI, hosted in 1995 the first ICRI international workshop in Dumaguete City, which outlined the pioneering global strategy for coral reefs through the ICRI Call to Action and Framework for Action. In March 2003, the Philippines will host the 2nd International Tropical Marine Ecosystem Management Symposium (ITMEMS 2) in Manila. It is expected to become another iii
Page 1: Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
Page 7 and 8: COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
Page 9 and 10: Countries, States and Territories S
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Some of the larger fou
Page 15 and 16: Introduction Coral reefs are coming
Page 17 and 18: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
Page 19 and 20: Executive Summary This report, howe
Page 21 and 22: Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
Page 23 and 24: Executive Summary There is clear ev
Page 25 and 26: Executive Summary Key sites chosen
Page 27 and 28: Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
Page 29 and 30: Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
Page 31 and 32: Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
Page 33 and 34: Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
Page 35 and 36: Executive Summary Prognosis for the
Page 37 and 38: Executive Summary concern is an out
Page 39 and 40: Executive Summary Southern Tropical
Page 41: Executive Summary Achievements in E
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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