#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 coast of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hong Kong. China also has strong interests in the Paracel and Spratly islands (Xisha and Nansha Islands). Human population pressures have resulted in considerable damage to the mainland reefs, but there are government efforts to create MPAs to protect these resources. Coral reefs grow around all the southern Ryukyus islands, Japan and around the east coast of the large island of Kyushu, and thin out to coral communities growing on rocky surfaces northwards to the latitude of Tokyo Bay. These are under the influence of the 154
Status of Coral Reefs in East and North Asia Kuroshio Current from the south, whereas the Oyashio cold current determines the northern limit of coral growth. In addition, there are major reef areas around islands well to the east of the main islands of Japan. There are three types of reefs: fringing; barrier; and one raised atoll (Daito Island). The Yaeyama Islands in the south are particularly important because they have high species diversity, including many endemic species. The highest latitude coral reef is on Iki Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, which was regarded as a non-reef area in 2000. Coral reefs or coral communities are found around Taiwan except in the sandy area on the west coast. The main reef area is on the southern tip of the island, the Hengchun Peninsula, and offshore islands including Lutao, Lanyu, Hsiao-Liuchiu and Penghu Islands, as well as Tungsha Island (Pratas Island) and Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island) in the South China Sea. Species diversity of reef organisms on the coral reefs around Taiwan is relatively high with approximately 300 species of hard corals, 50 species of soft corals, 20 species of gorgonians, 130 species of decapod crustaceans, 90 species of echinoderms, 1,200 species of reef fishes and 150 species of algae having been recorded. The Korean Peninsula has a 11,500km coastline (Republic of Korea only) including the coastlines of 3,153 islands in the Korean Sea. The characteristics of the eastern, western and southern coasts are quite different from each other. The eastern coast is quite steep, and borders a deep sea-basin with a narrow continental margin. Sandy beaches and rocky shores are relatively well developed on this coastline. The southern and western coasts are much more complex with calmer waters and contain many islands scattered over the southern and western shallow seas. These coastal and marine environments provide diverse habitats for marine life and abundant marine resources. STATUS OF CORAL REEF BENTHOS China No new information has been received. Japan Coral bleaching in 1998 damaged all coral communities from the Ryukyu Islands to southern Honshu, except for the western Shikoku, Miyake and Ogasawara Islands. New coral recruitment has been recorded at the damaged areas in Okinawa Island and Amami Islands and coral cover was increasing in the Kerama Islands, Ishigaki and Sekisei Lagoon in 2000. While most coral communities were recovering from the bleaching, another bleaching occurred from Ryukyu Islands to Amami Islands in summer 2001. Higher mortality at 45.7-68.8% loss was evident in the southern Sekisei Lagoon and Ishigaki Island, southern Ryukyus, but there was no mortality in Miyako Islands and Amami Islands. In contrast, corals are increasing their distribution around Kyushu and southern Honshu and remain in good condition. The coral cover was 34.6-80% in Kushimoto, Honshu and 5-80% in Amakusa, Kyushu in 2001. High recruitment of Acropora solitaryensis was observed in Amakusa, and this increase may have been caused by increasing minimum water temperatures in these areas, compared to increasing summer temperatures that caused bleaching damage to corals during summer in the Ryukyus to the south. The 155
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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