#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 The largest coral reef areas are offshore in the Maldives, Lakshadweep (India) and Chagos atolls, and the large reefs off the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India). There are also large areas of reefs off the coast of India (Gulf of Mannar and Gulf of Kutch) and around Sri Lanka, but these are generally in poor condition due to the activities of large populations of coastal people who depend on coral reef resources for their livelihood. The major physical influences are the southwest and northeast monsoons, and cyclones are very rare in the major oceanic reef areas, which are within 7°N and 7.30°S latitudes. The macro economic benefits provided by coral reefs are the most apparent in the Maldives where the attraction of the coral reefs has contributed to the steady increase in 102
Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia HOW THE POOR VALUE THEIR REEFS There has been considerable work on the economic valuation of reefs to assist in forming policies related to both conservation and sustainable use of reef ecosystems. As part of efforts to support the livelihoods of the poor in coastal areas, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) wanted to know how the poor value reefs themselves. DFID commissioned Integrated Marine Management Ltd of the UK to work with reef-dependent communities in the Gulf of Mannar, the Andaman Islands and Lakshadweep Islands in India, and in Mozambique to collate examples of how different communities benefit from reefs and how they assess those benefit flows within their wider livelihoods. The benefits include not only the more obvious concerns, such as access to fish for food and sale, or the protection provided by reefs, but also spiritual benefits, a basis for learning, increased opportunities for women to engage in fishing, a focus for social collaboration, and increased access to a diversity of market opportunities provided by the wide range of species available. The project with the coastal poor will end in November 2002; progress can be followed at: www.ex.ac.uk/imm/rla.htm numbers of tourists over the last 30 years, helping the sector to provide 33.1% of the GDP. The benefits to the other countries of South Asia from the coral reefs are the contribution to food and livelihoods of the nearby coastal communities. A major climate related warming event in the first half of 1998 destroyed large areas of corals of the Maldives, Chagos and Lakshadweep atolls, reefs around Sri Lanka, and in India in the Gulf of Mannar. There were reports of mortality of 90% or more of corals following mass bleaching on reefs to 20m depth and beyond to 40m in the Maldives and Chagos. The dominant branching and table corals were the most affected, with almost total losses in many areas. This report provides data on the initial signs of recovery and new recruitment. Bangladesh St. Martin’s is the only coral reef and it is heavily influenced by monsoons, frequent cyclones and heavy sedimentation from the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. Corals exist as aggregations in seagrass beds and rocky habitats. Chagos Archipelago These 6 major atolls, many small islands and atolls, and submerged shoals form the southern end of the Laccadive-Chagos ridge. These constitute the largest area of nearpristine reefs in the Indian Ocean, and have high biodiversity. They belong to the United Kingdom with a US military base on Diego Garcia. India Coral reefs are found in 4 major areas. Two are adjacent to the mainland of India: Gulf of Mannar; and the Gulf of Kutch (Kachchh). The other two are the offshore island chains of the Andaman and Nicobars and Lakshadweep Islands. Fringing, platform, patch and barrier reefs occur around 21 islands (2 of which are submerged below 3m) along the 103
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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