#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 WHS HENDERSON ISLAND, UNITED KINGDOM – WORLD HERITAGE SITE Henderson Island is one of the few atolls in the world that is virtually unaltered by man. It has an area of 36km 2 and is in one of the most remote island groups in the southeast Pacific, the Pitcairn Islands. There are fringing reefs around most of the island, although live coral cover is low, ranging from 5-30% on the fore-reef slope. There have been scientific missions to record species on Henderson’s reefs, however many species remain unidentified. Green turtles occasionally nest on the island, and fish populations are sparse, with the Carangidae (Jack) species being the most common and obvious. The island is uninhabited, but Pitcairn Islanders visit Henderson Island occasionally to collect wood for curio making. The only other visitors to Henderson Island are scientists. Its pristine state and isolated location is suited to the study of the dynamics of island biological evolution and natural selection. The Pitcairn Island group is a Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom and Henderson Island is Crown Land. Access to Henderson requires a license issued by the Governor, following approval by the Pitcairn Island Council. Henderson Island has not been declared a protected area as such, although it receives de facto protection from its isolation. The island was inscribed as a World Heritage Site under the World Heritage Convention in 1988, but no formal management of the site has yet been undertaken. The UK Joint Nature Conservation Committee has recently commissioned the production of a draft management plan for the World Heritage Site. Ecological Monitoring: There has been no specific monitoring, however there have been scientific missions to assess the resources and examine the development of remote coral reef communities. Socio-economic Monitoring: This has not occurred as the island in uninhabited, however an assessment of the impacts of visiting Pitcairn Islanders and the importance of Henderson to them is warranted. Coral reefs are 20% the natural resources. Ecological Monitoring is occasional. Socio-economic Monitoring is not planned. 214
Status of Southeast and Central Pacific Coral Reefs ‘Polynesia Mana Node’ MAB ATOLL DE TAIARO, FRANCE – MAB SITE Atoll de Taiaro is in the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia and was designated a biosphere reserve in 1977 to include 7 atolls. Taiaro Atoll is considered the core area of the reserve. The buffer zone includes 5 other atolls (Aratika, Kauehi, Niau, Raraka and Toau) that belong to the Fakarava community, as well as the sea bottom to 1,000m depth. Fakarava atoll and the ocean between the atolls is designated as a transition zone. Taiaro is almost circular and has an emergent coral reef rim that encloses a 5km wide sandy-bottomed lagoon, with a mean depth of 15m, whereas outside the depth drops very quickly to 500m within 700m off the shore. The outer reefs of Taiaro have a well-developed algal crest on the windward side and have much richer and more diverse coral and mollusc communities on the leeward sides. There are also whales, dolphins, and 3 turtle species (green, hawksbill and leatherback) in the reserve. The earliest scientific work was in 1839 (U.S. Exploring Expedition). In 1972, the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) and the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes assessed the ecology, geomorphology, and hydrology of the reef and lagoon. There have been more scientific expeditions in 1992, 1994 and 1996. There is close cooperation between the traditional owners, the administrative committee of the sanctuary, and the governor of French Polynesia for the protection of the atoll, lagoon, surrounding sea and buffer zone around the atoll. Access to the reserve is restricted to scientific researchers who have been granted permission by the committee. Catching turtles and collecting tritons, molluscs and black coral is prohibited. Cultivation of pearls is authorized by permission of the consultative commission of public affairs. Ecological monitoring: Although Atoll De Taiaro continues to be a focal point for much biological and physical research, there is no long-term monitoring program in place. Socio-economic monitoring: Fakarava atoll, in the buffer zone of the Biosphere reserve, has a small resident community, but the other 6 atolls are uninhabited. Thus, there has been little priority on establishing a socio-economic monitoring program. Contact: Miri Taratata, Délégation à l'Environnement, Papeete, Tahiti, delegation@environnement.gov.pf. Coral reefs are 80% the natural resources. Ecological Monitoring is occasional. Socio-economic Monitoring is not planned. 215
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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