#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 although some poaching of eggs still occurs and 1-2 adults are taken annually for traditional purposes. St. Maarten has 30 fishermen who mostly use fish traps and other artisanal practices. Fish populations are still reasonable although big groupers are not common and conch populations have been depleted. There is limited fishing around Saba. Over 200 species of fish have been observed in the Saba National Marine Park and populations are considered healthy, but still recovering from historical over-fishing. Grouper and snapper biomass continues to increase after the establishment of the Marine Park. The Saba Bank is fished by about 50 fishermen (mostly from Saba) who concentrate on the lobster trap and red snapper fishery. Data suggest that the lobster fishery is still sustainable. By-catch includes Queen triggerfish, small groupers (predominantly Graysbies and Red Hinds) and larger grunts. The red snapper fishery uses lines and fish traps in deep water. There was an intensive grouper fishery until the populations were depleted. Large numbers of conchs were taken from the Bank until 1995 when fishery regulations were effectively enforced and the fishery ceased to exist. The present status of the population is unknown. Trinidad and Tobago Fishing is the mainstay of many coastal villages in Tobago and there are 840 registered fishermen in Tobago operating 275 fishing vessels. These are mostly small, open-deck vessels, operating inshore. Fishing activities on some reefs are increasing. ANTHROPOGENIC THREATS TO CORAL REEF BIODIVERSITY There is a similar set of anthropogenic threats and impacts on most of the islands. These threats include: increased sedimentation from poorly planned development, especially construction of tourist resorts, roads and ports and through the clearance of mangroves and upland forests as well as over-grazing by feral goats; eutrophication from agricultural fertilizers and sewage, which is one of the biggest problems in Barbados; physical damage from yacht anchors and divers, although many mooring buoys have been installed; overfishing; and climate change, which has resulted in more frequent and intense storms, high sea surface temperatures and coral bleaching. CURRENT AND POTENTIAL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS Many countries are involved in the ‘Planning for Adaptation to Global Climate Change (CPACC)’ program to assist in developing policies to cope with issues like sea level rise. Specific activities include establishing a sea level and climate monitoring network and databases, resource inventories, vulnerability and risk assessments, and policy formulation. 332
Status of Coral Reefs in the Eastern Caribbean CURRENT MPAS AND MONITORING/CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT CAPACITY Dominica Photographic quadrat monitoring was implemented between 1994-1996, but has since stopped. However, water temperature monitoring continues, and the Fisheries Division conducts diver surveys as part of their monitoring process. St. Kitts and Nevis There is no current monitoring of the reefs. The legal framework for reef management is contained in the Fisheries Act and Environmental Protection Act but no MPAs have been declared. Anguilla The Government is installing ‘Manta’ permanent boat moorings to reduce anchor damage. Barbados All park naturalists have been trained to scuba dive and to conduct several forms of reef monitoring, and maintenance. The Barbados Permanent Mooring Project is underway with the aim of declaring Barbados ‘anchor free’ through the installation of the Manta Anchoring system for permanent moorings. Another large shipwreck has been sunk in Carlisle Bay, to increase the artificial reefs and divert diver pressures off natural reefs. In addition, an artificial reef dive area is being established on the west coast, the Folkestone MPA is being expanded and management is being improved through staff training. The Coastal Zone Management Unit has started quarterly coral reef monitoring and water quality sampling to fill in temporal or spatial gaps in available data. There were 8 permanent monitoring sites established on the Atlantic coast in 1997 to track reef health at 5 year intervals, with the next monitoring scheduled for July 2003. No other new other MPAs have been established in the region since the last report in 2000. The Soufriere Marine Management Area on St Lucia has been chosen as an ICRAN Demonstration Site and this MPA will be provided with additional resources to ensure that valuable learning lessons are transmitted to the other island states in the Eastern Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago Buccoo Reef was declared a restricted area in 1973 under the Marine Areas (Preservation and Enhancement) Act, and remains the only marine park in Trinidad and Tobago. Management plans have been formulated for Buccoo Reef Marine Park (1995), and Speyside Marine Area (Draft Plan, 2000), but they have not been implemented by the Tobago House of Assembly. Pot and spear fishing are not encouraged on the reefs, but there has been no attempt to reduce fishing. 333
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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