#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 MAB SAHAMALAZA-ILES RADAMA, MADAGASCAR – MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE This new Biosphere reserve in Madagascar was designated in September 2001. It has followed Mananara Nord in aiming to alleviate poverty while conserving the country’s unique flora and fauna. It contains 12,402ha of core area (4,183ha of which is marine) and 40,900 of buffer zone (28,000ha of which is marine). Sahamalaza-Iles Radama lies in the extreme northwest of the country and its marine component contains a complex of coral islands and reefs. It is threatened by pressures from traditional and international fishing. The majority of the current research in this area is focused on sustainable use of natural resources. Topics include monitoring of regional shrimp fishing, investigation of alternatives for sustainable management of natural resources, feasibility studies for reforestation, feasibility studies for agricultural irrigation, and studies of insect control in agriculture. Ecological Monitoring: No information provided. Socio-economic Monitoring: No information provided. Coral reefs are 20% of the natural resources. Ecological Monitoring is effective. Socio-economic Monitoring is effective. CORAL REEF RECOVERY AND CONSERVATION IN THE COMORES Mohéli Marine Park was a finalist in the Equator Initiative Award at the 2002 World Summit for Sustainable Development, recognising the partnership between communities and the government to establish the Park in 2001 (the first MPA in the Comoros). The park covers 404km 2 and extends out to 100m depth to include the rich fringing reefs that encircle 7 small islands opposite the village of Nioumachoi. There are also major green turtle nesting beaches. The park was established through collaboration with 10 local communities on the park boundaries and the government to reduce deforestation and destructive fishing. Fishermen and community associations defined the rights and responsibilities for the management, including the boundaries, zoning, management and regulations. Locally recruited ‘eco-guards’ help to raise public awareness and assist with policing and monitoring. Each village has a ‘no-take’ marine reserve within the Park boundaries, and the 10 reserves constitute 5.5% of the park area. After just 1 year, fishermen report significant improvements in fish catches and the reappearance of some fish species where fishing is allowed. The extent of recovery is being monitored. Much remains to be done to improve the Park: a management plan is being prepared; funds are required for management; regular monitoring must be introduced; and technical and management training is essential. Impacts from tourism are few, but could increase as the country is now more politically stable. The support from all levels of government and the community provides great hope for the longterm survival of the Park and Moheli’s coral reefs. From: Said Mohammed, Fouad Abdou Rabi, Michel Vely, Rob Conway, Sue Wells, smw@iucnearo.org 100
6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH ASIA: BANGLADESH, INDIA, MALDIVES, SRI LANKA ARJAN RAJASURIYA, VENKATARAMAN K., MULEY E.V., HUSSEIN ZAHIR AND BEN CATTERMOUL ABSTRACT Coral reefs in South Asia are either oceanic atolls such as those of Lakshadweeps, Maldives and Chagos or growing adjacent to the high islands of Andaman and Nicobar, the Gulf of Mannar and Gulf of Kutch in India and around Sri Lanka. In Bangladesh, the only coral reef is St. Martin’s Island, and there are only scattered corals. There are no reefs in Pakistan. Recovery of corals killed during the 1998 El Niño bleaching event is slow, but should continue if there are no further major high temperature events. Other damaging impacts, such as the crown-of-thorns starfish, coral mining, destructive and unmanaged resource harvesting, sedimentation and pollution continue on the reefs in South Asia and reduce their capacity for recovery. This report contains more data on reef status, as a result of major increases in capacity for monitoring and more donor assistance. However, rarely are the monitoring data used in management decision making. Marine protected areas management continues to be weak, with a lack of government will, funding and capacity for conservation, as well as a lack of income generating alternative livelihoods for the user communities. A large Ramsar site has been established in Chagos, however, augmenting several Strictly Protected areas. Progress in designating more protected reef areas is also slow. This report highlights the increasing need to adapt policy and mechanisms for reef management to adequately reflect the local social, cultural and environmental conditions. This can only be achieved if the researchers and scientists produce information that can effectively inform and influence management and policy. More specific recommendations for improved use of information for management, sustainable use and conservation of coral reefs in South Asia are identified. INTRODUCTION The major coral reef resources are in India, Maldives, Sri Lanka and the vast Chagos Archipelago, in addition there is one coral reef in Bangladesh (St. Martin's Island) and only sparse coral communities in Pakistan. This status report updates the more detailed report produced in 2000 by Arjan Rajasuriya and others. Coral reef monitoring has been supported in this region since 1997 as a GCRMN Node by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO), project supported mainly by Swedish aid funds, has also assisted with coral reef and socio-economic monitoring. 101
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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