#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 STATUS OF MPAS AND REEF CONSERVATION There is a major contrast between the high level of protection for reefs in Australian waters, to virtually no protection in PNG waters. This should provide an opportunity to transfer the experience for conservation to these coral reefs, which contain near maximum levels of marine biodiversity, before they are damaged by increasing human pressures. Unfortunately, the government structure in PNG is not favourable for environmental conservation, with little national leadership to protect valuable resources. The best chances to conserve the reefs lie in strong traditional ownership in most regions, combined with the encouragement and support from major NGOs. The Worldwide Fund for Nature, Conservation International, The Nature Conservancy, and the Packard Foundation have all launched major projects to conserve reefs in PNG in recognition of their high biodiversity, low immediate threats, but potential for major threats in the future. These initiatives are based on strengthening community based protection of local areas. The Milne Bay province is a priority area as it contains many different habitat types, and a mix of biodiversity from seas to the north and south. Hence this site was recommended recently for listing as a World Heritage Site. In contrast, Australia has a National Oceans Policy that includes strong commitments to protect marine biodiversity and is backed up by financial and human resources to plan marine protected areas and provide considerable enforcement of legislation. The area of coral reefs under protection is increasing and human pressures that are resulting in PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY: REPRESENTATIVE AREAS IN THE GREAT BARRIER REEF MARINE PARK (GBRMP) The task for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) is to ensure that the incredible biodiversity in the many different habitats of the GBRMP is conserved. Managers use a number of tools to achieve this goal: zoning; education; permits; and management plans. The coral reefs have traditionally been favoured with a higher level of protection within the Marine Park, but other less-known and lessspectacular habitats are also important and should be represented within marine sanctuaries (or ‘no-take’ areas). Thus a ‘representative area’ is selected to represent a typical ecosystem of the habitats surrounding the coral reefs with all components considered e.g. physical features, oceanographic processes, biodiversity and ecological patterns. The approach arises from the realisation that protection of representative examples of the diversity of habitats is needed, more than a focus on specific habitats or individual species. The ‘Representative Areas Program’ is a component of the Australian Oceans Policy released in 1998, which recommended marine and terrestrial areas that required protection for biodiversity. The Representative Areas Program has classified 70 regions of biological diversity and found that the existing level of protection was inadequate. Using information gathered from scientists, stakeholders and community members, GBRMPA will increase the number of marine sanctuaries to include examples of every ‘bioregion’ and habitat in the Marine Park. The process involves full community consultation and a draft zoning plan will be available for further community input in 2003. 172
Status of Coral Reefs of Australasia COORDINATING CENTRE FOR TROPICAL MARINE RESEARCH IN AUSTRALIA A unique partnership has been developed on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to bring all players around one table to ensure clear lines of communication. In 1993, the Australian Government established a Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) to focus research in the GBR World Heritage Area. The CRC Reef Research Centre is a collaborative venture of key coral reef managers (GBR Marine Park Authority), researchers (Australian Institute of Marine Science, James Cook University, Queensland Department of Primary Industries), industry associations (Association of Marine Park Tourism Operators, Queensland Seafood Industry Association, Sunfish Queensland Inc) and nongovernment organisations (GBR Research Foundation). Another 50 national and international organisations are also associated with the Centre. In addition to Australian Government support, funding for CRC Reef Research Centre comes from reef industry groups, state governments and research institutions. Each visitor to the GBR pays a small fee, some of which is directed to research by CRC Reef Research Centre. These contributions support more than 80 research tasks and university postgraduate training valued at more than US$40 million over 7 years. Through its members, CRC Reef Research Centre facilitates and coordinates the efforts of hundreds of researchers to provide science to protect, conserve and restore the world’s coral reefs by ensuring industries and management are sustainable and that ecosystem quality is maintained. CRC Reef Research Centre provides research to improve understanding of major issues such as coral bleaching, water quality, crownof-thorns starfish, and use and conservation of biodiversity. For more information see www.reef.crc.org.au CRC Reef Research Centre has established a separate non-profit organisation, the International Marine Project Activities Centre Ltd (IMPAC) which hosts international marine project managers in the same location as CRC Reef in Townsville. The CRC and IMPAC share office facilities and strong communication links and databases. IMPAC is a partnership of international agencies undertaking projects in the Indo- Pacific marine tropics. This is new concept to further the sustainable development and conservation of critical habitats in tropical coastal areas (coral reefs, mangrove forests, seagrass beds and the associated fisheries) by bringing together major UN agencies, and international NGOs, development banks and foundations under one roof to tap into the existing tropical marine expertise in Townsville. IMPAC has the goal of building cooperation among international agencies that are involved in tropical marine research, conservation and management. In the next few years, IMPAC aims to support cooperative research and education partnerships in all areas where there are coral reefs. For more information see www.reef.crc.org.au/research/consult/intercentre.html 173
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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