#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 While there has been considerable reef monitoring in the Maldives, this information is scattered and virtually none is used to support decision-making. Moreover, many monitoring programs have been discontinued when projects have finished with the government not providing continuity. The Maldives needs a coordinated approach to the monitoring and management of these resources that are critical for the tourist industry. The reefs in MPAs in Sri Lanka have been well monitored in the past, however, this information is not used by government for site management. All sites close to shore in Sri Lanka show clear signs of human damage, and this was compounded in 1998 during the mass bleaching event. GOVERNMENT POLICIES, LAWS AND LEGISLATION All countries in the region have established laws to conserve natural resources, with some including specific legislation on corals and coral reefs e.g. the Maldives. However, these laws are rarely enforced through a lack of government and community awareness of the problems facing the coral reefs and the need for management, and through a lack of capacity in government and private sectors to implement monitoring and management. In Bangladesh, the government has the power to establish a national park for their one coral reef, St Martin’s Island, but this has not been implemented, despite calls for its conservation. The government of India also has laws to protect coral reefs and other coastal environments and prohibit the collection of corals. All the hard corals and gorgonians were included in 2001 in the Schedule List of Wild Life Act of 1972. The Indian Coral Reef Monitoring Network and the Indian Coral Reef Initiative were established in late 1990s to provide a cross-sectoral approach for coral reef management. The Ministry of Environment has funded training programs in monitoring, conservation and management in the 4 major coral reef areas; data are stored in a GCRMN, South Asia database as a further aid for management. The National Coral Reef Research Institute has been established in Port Blair (Andamans) to provide research support for coral reef management and conservation. Similarly an Indian Society for Coral Reef Studies was formed and there is a capacity building program through Australian assistance. Many government sectors of the Maldives are involved in coral reef management, particularly in recognition of the importance and value of reefs to their economy, especially through tourism. Some of the more remote atolls still have systems of traditional management and some of these have been incorporated into fisheries law. Regulation of coral mining was seen as a key issue in 1992 and specific regulations were enacted then to prevent coastal erosion. Similarly, many ministries and government departments in Sri Lanka have coastal management responsibilities, but this results in cross-sectoral disputes, or else problems are ignored. Environmental issues have received lesser focus in government recently due to the ongoing instability. A coastguard has been established to control illegal fishing, but it is under-resourced. 114
Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia LINKING REEFS TO POLICY Much has been done to develop conservation of coastal resources in South Asia, but the poor still find themselves marginalised by coastal development. A project was developed by DFID, UK to explore the linkages between coastal policy and poverty and to develop guidelines to overcome some of these difficulties. The Sustainable Coastal Livelihoods project (IMM Ltd. UK) focused on India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and identified key policy problem areas that affect the involvement of the poor to determine ways to skirt these problems. A critical issue was the need for the right information about coastal issues to reach the target audience in the most appropriate format to facilitate appropriate behaviour change. The project developed an approach to influence strategy formulations that has been piloted through GCRMN workshops in Sri Lanka, India and Maldives. This has helped workshop participants view their informing and influencing roles in relation to reef issues in a much more collaborative way, realising that working together provides greater influence than working alone. More information is available on: www.ex.ac.uk/imm/SCL.htm CORAL REEF AND COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT IN SRI LANKA A project for coastal rehabilitation, harbour construction and institutional strengthening of the Sri Lanka Ministry of Fisheries and Ocean Resources has been funded by the Asian Development Bank and the Netherlands. The objective is to establish 6 Special Management Areas along the coast, with 3 of these focused on the protection and conservation of significant coral reef resources. The project aims to protect Bar Reef by: offering ‘best industry practices’ information to fishermen to sustain fish stocks; organising public awareness and education programs to publicise the value of sustainable exploitation of the reef to stakeholders; assisting with the development of a management and zoning plan to protect the reef ecosystem, perhaps by promoting it as a marine sanctuary; and implementing alternative livelihood schemes to remove pressure on the reef resources. At Hikkaduwa, a Special Area Management Committee has been established to develop a clear boundary and zonation of the coral reef sanctuary to separate swimmers, tourist boats and fishermen from research and re-growth areas of the reef. The sanctuary must first be up-graded to National Park status before the zonation can have firm authority. The project is providing technical and financial support to the Community Coordinating Committee (CCC) of Unawatuna to prepare a Special Area Management plan and for activities that assist the community with habitat rehabilitation and coral reef conservation. The Unawatuna fringing reef is an important attraction for tourists that generate a major livelihood for many Unawatuna stakeholders. 115
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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