#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 resources that many poor people depend on. That is why we are combining our skills and resources in partnerships to tackle this global problem together. Our sponsorship of the GCRMN is a tangible example of international agencies acting in concert. We commend this report to you and urge you to assist with us in our attempts at coral reef conservation. Patricio Bernal Executive Secretary, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO Klaus Toepfer Executive Director, United Nations Environment Programme Carl Gustaf Lundin, Head, Global Marine Programme, IUCN – The World Conservation Union & Chair, GCRMN Management Group Robert Watson Chief Scientist, The World Bank Hamdallah Zedan Executive Secretary, Convention on Biological Diversity Stephen Hall Director, Australian Institute of Marine Science Meryl Williams Director General, WorldFish Center 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON ABSTRACT Two sets of counteracting human activities are affecting the destiny of the world’s coral reefs: • reefs are continuing to decline in many areas around the world due to steadily increasing threats from direct human pressures and indirect pressures of Global Climate Change; but • there are many conservation and management projects being initiated at international, regional, national and local levels to arrest the declines in coral reef health in specific areas, and some of these initiatives are showing considerable success. The 2002 report on the status of the world’s coral reefs is a mix of bad news and good news, but there is strong evidence that the corner is being turned in our ability to stop reef decline, provided this continues to be supported by sufficient political will. We can predict gains in coral reef health at specific sites in many regions within the coming 2 decades. Many different projects are reducing the damaging human impacts on coral reefs and also setting more reefs aside for protection. Unfortunately, a large proportion of the world’s reefs are outside protected areas, and much effort will be needed to replicate the small-scale successes at national and regional scales. In addition, many coral reef countries do not have national coral reef programs or monitoring plans, and are often unaware of the extent of damage to their reefs. Many of the coral reefs that were severely damaged during the 1998 mass coral bleaching are showing encouraging signs of slow to moderate rates of recovery. However, there are also many reefs where recovery is barely evident. There has been more recovery on unstressed and protected reefs, whereas reefs being stressed by high levels of sediment and nutrient pollution and over-fishing are still largely bare of live corals. There is one significant proviso for recovery. These improvements could be largely negated if the predicted threats posed by Global Climate Change of increasing sea surface temperatures and concentrations of CO 2 in seawater cause catastrophic bleaching and result in major reductions in the capacity of corals to calcify and grow. This report brings together the assessment of reef status by 151 authors for more than 100 countries, which are assembled into 17 regions. For most countries, there is recent information, but for others no new data have been received since the last report in 2000. 7
Page 1 and 2: Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
Page 3 and 4: FOREWORD Our two governments have r
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
Page 7 and 8: COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
Page 9 and 10: Countries, States and Territories S
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Some of the larger fou
Page 15: Introduction Coral reefs are coming
Page 19 and 20: Executive Summary This report, howe
Page 21 and 22: Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
Page 23 and 24: Executive Summary There is clear ev
Page 25 and 26: Executive Summary Key sites chosen
Page 27 and 28: Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
Page 29 and 30: Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
Page 31 and 32: Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
Page 33 and 34: Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
Page 35 and 36: Executive Summary Prognosis for the
Page 37 and 38: Executive Summary concern is an out
Page 39 and 40: Executive Summary Southern Tropical
Page 41: Executive Summary Achievements in E
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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