#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 Caroline Rogers, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Virgin Islands (caroline_rogers@usgs.gov) George P. Schmahl, Sanctuary Manager, Texas Flower Garden Banks NMS, (george.schmahl@noaa.gov); Richard Spieler, NCRI, (ncri@mako.ocean.nova.edu).; Zandy Hillis-Starr, Buck Island Reef National Monument (Zandy_Hillis-Starr@nps.gov); Marcia Taylor, University of Virgin Islands, (Marcia.Taylor@uvi.edu). SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION Beets J 919960. The effects of fishing and fish traps on fish assemblages within Virgin Islands National Park and Buck Island Reef National Monument. U.S. National Park Service Technical Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept of the Interior. 44pp. Beets J, Rogers CS (2001). Changes in fishery resources and reef fish assemblages in a marine protected area in the US Virgin Islands: The need for a no-take marine reserve. Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, October 23- 27, 2000. Bali, Indonesia: 281 pp. Chiappone M, Miller SL, Swanson DW, Ault JS, Smith SG (2001). Comparatively high densities of the long-spined sea urchin in the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Coral Reefs 20: 137-138. Chiappone M, Swanson DW, Miller SL, Smith SG (2002). Large-scale surveys on the Florida Reef Tract indicate poor recovery of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum. Coral Reefs 21: 155-159. Miller SL, Swanson DW, Chiappone M. (2001). Multiple spatial scale assessment of coral reef and hard-bottom community structure in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, October 23-27, 2000. Bali, Indonesia. 274
Status of Coral Reefs in the US Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico WHA MAB RAMSAR EVERGLADES AND DRY TORTUGAS, USA – MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE Everglades National Park is on the southern tip of the Florida Peninsula, bounded by the Gulf of Mexico to the west and the Florida Keys to the south and south-east. The biosphere reserve includes the Dry Tortugas National Park, a group of 7 coral reefs and surrounding shoals, coral reefs and waters in the Florida Keys. The Dry Tortugas is primarily a marine park and Everglades National Park is both terrestrial and marine, containing a vast marine area in Florida Bay. The total area of the biosphere reserve is 585,867ha and the environment is characterized by saltmarshes, mangrove forests, beach and dune complexes, brackish water estuaries, cypress swamps, and marine systems including coral reefs. The 2 parks were accepted together as a biosphere reserve in 1976 and the Everglades National Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1979, and was designated a Ramsar site in 1987. The Reserve is under the administration of the US National Park Service and both parks have Strategic Management Plans. The government and conservation organizations work to protect and enhance the marine areas of the biosphere reserve by finding innovative new ways to manage activities in the parks to avoid harm to coral reefs, seagrass beds, sunken archaeological treasures, and marine flora and fauna. Strategies include creating no-take zones where only research is allowed and limiting the traffic of motorized boats. Ecological Monitoring: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is undertaking long-term coral reef monitoring studies in the reserve and other institutions are examining issues such as surface hydrology, water quality, vertebrate ecology and restoration ecology. The monitoring was enhanced when significant areas of the Dry Tortugas were declared no-take zones to conserve dwindling fish stocks. Early results show improving fish stocks in these no-take areas. Socio-economic Monitoring: NOAA is also conducting socio-assessments of the key stakeholder groups, especially fishers. Monitoring Effectiveness: The baseline data assessing the resources of the Dry Tortugas was instrumental in the designation of different zones and was used in consultation with fishers and other users to gain agreement on reserve boundaries. Now monitoring data are instrumental as performance evaluation measures of the effectiveness of resource management, especially for fish and lobster populations. Coral reefs are 30% of the natural resources. Ecological Monitoring is substantial. Socio-economic Monitoring is substantial. 275
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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