#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 Island MPA Estimated coral % reef habitat No-take (hectares) zone Hawaii Haloko-Honokohau NHI 200 0 Kealakekua MLCD 65
Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago COMING TOGETHER IN THE NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS The President of the United States signed 2 Executive Orders in December 2000 and January 2001, establishing the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve (NWHICRER). This covers an area 1200 nautical miles long and 100 nautical miles wide and is the second largest marine protected area in the world after the Australian Great Barrier Reef. It is adjacent to areas administered by other Federal or State resource management agencies. Since 2000, a series of partnerships have developed among the various State and Federal resource trustees, the academic community and various NGOs to conduct large-scale, rapid ecological assessments of this immense area and better describe the various terrestrial and marine habitats. This has resulted in multi-agency expeditions in 2000, 2001 and 2002 involving many recognised experts and the discovery of new species, maps of the habitats, and a rethinking of what constitutes a natural coral reef ecosystem. Much of this will be used by managers to not only help reshape the future of the NWHICRER, but also to better manage both natural and impacted reef areas in the populated main Hawaiian Islands. The first such report from these expeditions: ‘Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands’ is available on the web at www.hawaii.edu/ssri/hcri, or see www.hawaiireef.noaa.gov/. From: David Gulko, David_A_Gulko@exec.state.hi.us GOVERNMENT POLICIES, LAWS AND LEGISLATION These were also detailed in the previous report in 2000 with the major recent activity being increased mapping, monitoring and research across the NWHI and the designation of agencies responsible for conservation of the reef resources. CONCLUSIONS The increased support over the past 2 years for improved understanding and management of Hawaii’s coral reefs reflect their importance in Hawaiian culture. However, the coral reefs continue to be threatened by population growth, urbanisation, development and over-fishing. Ocean outfalls, urban and recreational coastal development (hotels, golf courses, etc.) are focal points for coral reef degradation, and new technologies for extraction, offshore aquaculture, and bioprospecting raise concerns about the ability of management agencies to keep ahead of these damages to coral reef resources. In the MHI, there is clear evidence of over-exploitation of most target food fish and invertebrates, and key marine aquarium trade species. Compounding these problems for resource managers is gross under-reporting of current levels of exploitation and the introduction of alien species that can change the structure and function of Hawaii’s reefs and threaten endemic species. Significant progress, however, has been made in mapping, monitoring, researching, and managing Hawaii’s reefs. Digital habitat maps of the MHI and NWHI will help managers identify and protect the most critical areas to support biodiversity conservation and fisheries productivity. Research supported by the Hawaii Coral Reef Institute continues to improve the understanding of land-water interactions and how natural and humaninduced stresses affect coral reef ecosystems. Monitoring programs provide feedback on 247
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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