isaac-deutscher-the-prophet-armed-trotsky-1879-1921

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THE PROPHET ARMED elements in Russia this was a war against a hereditary enemy, lwith whose re-emergence as an independent nation they could 'not reconcile themselves-a truly Russian war, even though waged by Bolshevik internationalists. To the Greek Orthodox this was a fight' against a people incorrigible in its loyalty to Roman Catholicism, a Christian crusade even though led by godless Communists. Some of those Conservative elements had at heart been in sympathy with the White Guards. But now that the White Guards had gone down in ruin, they were on the look-out for a pretext which would allow them to climb on the Soviet band-wagon without loss of patriotic and Greek Orthodox 'face'. The Polish invasion provided it. General Brusilov, Commander-in-Chief under the old regime, headed the movement of conversion. He placed himself at Trotsky's services and called upon all good Russians to follow in his footsteps. Thus, in addition to its revolutionary overtones, the war acquired its nationalist undertones. Pilsudski's troops did much to whip up the anti-Polish sentiment. Their behaviour in occupied Ukraine was overbearing; they began to establish the Polish landlords on their former domains; and they marked their victories by the shooting of prisoners of war and by pogroms. To be carried on a tide of national unity was for the Bolsheviks a novel and embarrassing experience. Trotsky exerted himself to assert the party's internationalist outlook. He welcomed Brusilov's demonstration of solidarity with the Red Army; but he publicly repudiated Brusilov's chauvinist and anti-Catholic tone. 1 When the rumour spread that Brusilov would lead the Red armies against the Poles, Trotsky denied this and emphasized that the Polish front was under the command of Tukhachevsky and Yegorov, whose loyalty to the internationalist idea of the revolution had been tested in the civil war. At the height of hostilities, he publicly ordered the closing down of Voennoe Delo (Military Affairs), the periodical of the General Staff, because in an article on Pilsudski it had used language 'insulting the national dignity of the Polish people'. He further ordered an inquiry into the matter, so that the culprits 'should never again be entrusted with any work enabling them to .influence the mind of the Red Army'. 2 (The incident has re- 1 1'roisky, Sodritmi)IO ... o1. x...ii, book 2, pp. 40,..S. '--i'lak Voo~ -&vol.a.ia,-vol. ii, book~. p. 153.
REVOLUTION AND CONQ.UEST mained something of a noble curiosity in an age when during war 'civilized' statesmen and men of letters brand without scruple the national character of an enemy as Hun-like, beastlike, or subhuman.) Qn his visits to the front, he kept in check the angry passion aroused in the army by reports about Polish shootings of prisoners of war. Even an enemy, he argued at meetings of front-line soldiers, must not be slandered. He emphatically forbade retaliation on Polish prisoners: 'Let the hand be cut off of any Red Army man who lifts his knife on a prisoner of war, on the disarmed, the sick and wounded', he wrote in an order of the day. Ruthless in battle, the Red Army man must show magnanimity towards the captive and helpless enemy.' Pilsudski's victory in the Ukraine was short-lived. A few weeks of Polish occupation were enough to arouse the Ukrainian peasantry against the invaders. Tukhachevsky's armies on the northern sector of the front and Yegorov's on the southern were reinforced by divisions rdeased from fighting against Denikin and Kolchak. The Red Army, although poorly equipped, was now at the peak of its strength-before the end of the campaign it had five million men under colours. On 1 2 June the Bolsheviks recaptured Kiev; and presently Pilsudski's troops retreated in panic towards the boundaries of ethnographic Poland. At this point important political issues intervened to complicate the conduct of the war. Some of these concerned Russia's relations with Britain; others bore on her attitude towards Poland; and the two sets of problems were at some points interconnected. The opposition of British Labour to intervention and the defeat of the White Guards had weakened the interventionist party, led by Winston Churchill. The government was divided against itself, the Prime Minister (Lloyd George) being inclined to withdraw from intervention and to resume trade with Russia. At the end of May 1920 a Soviet trade mission, headed by Krasin, left Moscow for London. In the meantime, however, the interventionist party was momentarily strengthened by Pilsudski's victories. The Politbureau was under the impression that the .British government, like the French, wholeheartedly backed Pilsudski. Thc~missariat of foreign Affairs and the ' Trotsky,~ vol -.Mi, boo\,~ pp. 193-5-
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PREFACE CONTENTS v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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PREFACE WHEN I first contemplated t
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PREFACE unconscious autobiographica
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' ... there is nothing more difficu
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THE PROPHET ARMED From none of thes
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4 THE PROPHET ARMED the courts sent
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6 THE PROPHET ARMED populated but f
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8 THE PROPHET ARMED the precise dat
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IO THE PROPHET ARMED uses of tools
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12 THE PROPHET ARMED At first he ra
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THE PROPHET ARMED or persecution to
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16 THE PROPHET ARMED whose personal
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THE PROPHET ARMED times father and
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20 THE PROPHET ARMED truth is that
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CHAPTER II In Search of an Ideal IT
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THE PROPHET ARMED disguised as labo
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THE PROPHET ARMED For a time Bronst
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THE PROPHET ARMED you arc a Marxist
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THE PROPHET ARMED Odessa to study m
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THE PROPHET ARMED This transformati
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34 THE PROPHET ARMED one-sidedness
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36 THE PROPHET ARMED He used to thi
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THE PROPHET ARMED wrote later, 'aga
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THE PROPHET ARMED Towards the end o
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THE PROPHET ARMED opponents, were p
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44 THE PROPHET ARMED deported there
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THE PROPHET ARMED would one day con
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THE PROPHET ARMED Agriculture; he w
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50 THE PROPHET ARMED appeared in th
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THE PROPHET ARMED Mephisto, Faust,
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54 THE PROPHET ARMED from the ashes
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THE PROPHET ARMED the meantime the
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58 THE PROPHET ARMED newcomer.'' Th
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60 THE PROPHET ARMED who had only r
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THE PROPHET ARMED Soon after he had
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THE PROPHET ARMED borrowed the name
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66 THE PROPHET ARMED Almost imperce
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68 THE PROPHET ARMED lending suppor
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THE PROPHET ARMED Elevated above th
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THE PROPHET ARMED time being: he wo
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74 THE PROPHET ARMED of this circum
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THE PROPHET ARMED million Jewish me
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THE PROPHET ARMED editors from six
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Bo THE PROPHET ARMED bitterness whi
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THE PROPHET ARMED the authority of
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THE PROPHET ARMED ... we do not thi
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86 THE PROPHET ARMED influence. Soo
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88 THE PROPHET ARMED Bolsheviks, be
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go THE PROPHET ARMED men of the int
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92 THE PROPHET ARMED was no longer
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94 THE PROPHET ARMED obstructing th
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96 THE PROPHET ARMED yet remote cha
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CHAPTER IV An Intellectual Partners
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100 THE PROPHET ARMED scholarly I'v
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102 THE PROPHET ARMED admired in Pa
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104 THE PROPHET ARMED of the cultur
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106 THE PROPHET ARMED 1904, Trotsky
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108 THE PROPHET ARMED oppos1t1on. T
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110 THE PROPHET ARMED democracy; bu
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II2 THE PROPHET ARMED are avidly ab
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114 THE PROPHET ARMED institutions
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116 THE PROPHET ARMED traditions of
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I18 THE PROPHET ARMED freedom of mo
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120 THE PROPHET ARMED democracy is
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122 THE PROPHET ARMED ing to each s
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124 THE PROPHET ARMED Trotsky wrote
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THE PROPHET ARMED districts to join
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THE PROPHET ARMED under the name Ya
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THE PROPHET ARMED social demands as
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THE PROPHET ARMED Manifesto, Trotsk
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134 THE PROPHET ARMED roared with l
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THE PROPHET ARMED they watched in s
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THE PROPHET ARMED home missed the t
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THE PROPHET ARMED the final trial o
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142 THE PROPHET ARMED In the aftern
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144 THE PROPHET ARMED At length a s
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THE PROPHET ARMED policy had been u
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148 THE PROPHET ARMED marked eyebro
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THE PROPHET ARMED Revolution). As t
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THE PROPHET ARMED made revolution i
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154 THE PROPHET ARMED if it succeed
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THE PROPHET ARMED Bolsheviks unders
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THE PROPHET ARMED themselves be una
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16o THE PROPHET ARMED Not for a mom
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THE PROPHET ARMED But his compensat
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THE PROPHET ARMED The sentiment of
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166 THE PROPHET ARMED government to
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168 THE PROPHET ARMED government'.
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THE PROPHET ARMED 'pa~sionate game
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THE PROPHET ARMED like flies. On 1
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174 THE PROPHET ARMED Viatka and Vo
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THE PROPHET ARMED Menshevik leaders
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THE PROPHET ARMED The great issues
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18o THE PROPHET ARMED still cast hi
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THE PROPHET ARMED of the October Re
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THE PROPHET ARMED penury. Throughou
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186 THE PROPHET ARMED Sttirgkh, in
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188 THE PROPHET ARMED hurt Russian
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Igo THE PROPHET ARMED vigilant watc
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THE PROPHET ARMED journalistic fees
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194 THE PROPHET ARMED often than no
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THE PROPHET ARMED among them-replie
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THE PROPHET ARMED order to approach
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200 THE PROPHET ARMED situation pro
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202 TllE PROPHET ARMED in streets a
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204 THE PROPHET ARMED peasant leade
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206 THE PROPHET ARMED strictly feud
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208 THE PROPHET ARMED the Romanian
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210 THE PROPHET ARMED memory, enabl
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212 THE PROPHET ARMED international
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THE PROPHET ARMED educational assoc
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216 THE PROPHET ARMED excellent van
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218 THE PROPHET ARMED supporting th
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220 THE PROPHET ARMED learned from
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:.?22 THE PROPHET ARMED now leader
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224 THE PROPHET ARMED Broadly speak
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226 THE PROPHET ARMED citizens of b
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THE PROPHET ARMED Entente were unwe
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230 THE PROPHET ARMED This preoccup
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232 THE PROPHET ARMED import so tha
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234 THE PROPHET ARMED 'social-patri
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THE PROPHET ARMED Differences on br
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THE PROPHET ARMED need to contempla
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THE PROPHET ARMED in Madrid, except
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242 THE PROPHET ARMED time close to
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244 THE PROPHET AR~IED in Petrograd
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THE PROPHET ARMED 'You suppose, the
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THE PROPHET ARMED After a sea voyag
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THE PROPHET ARMED the street. The n
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THE PROPHET ARMED incorporate both
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254 THE PROPHET ARMED oppressed cla
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THE PROPHET ARMED through in the Bo
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THE PROPHET ARMED to renounce anyth
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THE PROPHET ARMED were at cross pur
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THE PROPHET ARMED to his own voice
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THE PROPHET ARMED that while you ar
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THE PROPHET ARMED nowhere. 'Fortuna
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THE PROPHET ARMED of the government
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270 THE PROPHET ARMED This was one
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THE PROPHET ARMED What followed has
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274 THE PROPHET ARMED by agreement
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THE PROPHET ARMED about to leave wi
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THE PROPHET ARMED and they refused
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THE PROPHET ARMED administrative ma
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THE PROPHET ARMED answer the examin
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THE PROPHET ARMED for a parliament
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286 THE PROPHET ARMED build up a ge
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288 THE PROPHET ARMED passed betwee
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THE PROPHET ARMED debated these pro
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THE PROPHET ARMED situation and the
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294 THE PROPHET ARMED illusion to f
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THE PROPHET ARMED In the meantime T
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THE PROPHET ARMED and its sections
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THE PROPHET ARMED 12 October he cal
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302 THE PROPHET ARMED the immediate
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THE PROPHET ARMED no response from
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THE PROPHET ARMED insurrection. Yet
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THE PROPHET ARMED of the Provisiona
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310 THE PROPHET ARMED give it to yo
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312 THE PROPHET ARMED mass of worke
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THE PROPHET ARMED 'Our rising', he
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THE PROPHET ARMED how, or by means
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THE PROPHET ARMED Russia along that
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320 THE PROPHET ARMED Assembly, hel
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322 THE PROPHET ARMED of self-disci
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THE PROPHET ARMED vision of sociali
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THE PROPHET ARMED cause he had been
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THE PROPHET ARMED At this moment Ke
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THE PROPHET ARMED and peasants, how
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332 THE PROPHET ARMED not on person
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334 THE PROPHET ARMED and threats f
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THE PROPHET ARMED first to identify
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THE PROPHET ARMED moved into action
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340 THE PROPHET ARMED The main body
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342 THE PROPHET ARMED and character
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344 THE PROPHET ARMED had become hi
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CHAPTER XI The Drama of Brest Litov
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THE PROPHET ARMED Despite their rev
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THE PROPHET ARMED see that 'German
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352 THE PROPHET ARMED again be prop
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354 THE PROPHET ARMED and Austrian
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THE PROPHET ARMED events as 'sympto
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358 THE PROPHET ARMED not in the la
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THE PROPHET ARMED assisted by Karl
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THE PROPHET ARMED give quite a diff
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THE PROPHET ARMED colleague, he was
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THE PROPHET ARMED present state of
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THE PROPHET ARMED Germany intended
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THE PROPHET ARMED _standpoint, poli
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372 THE PROPHET ARMED party was amo
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374 THE PROPHET ARMED be to stab in
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THE PROPHET ARMED ambiguity of that
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THE PROPHET ARMED the revolution cl
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THE PROPHET ARMED Ukrainian partner
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THE PROPHET ARMED happened, the ful
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THE PROPHET ARMED was active over D
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THE PROPHET '\RMED had the right to
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388 THE PROPHET ARMED Bolshevism. T
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390 THE PROPHET ARMED stroke the cl
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392 THE PROPHET ARMED cannot stay i
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394 THE PROPHET ARMED So• iets we
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THE PROPHET ARMED class, and amid w
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THE PROPHET ARMED The congress had
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THE PROPHET ARMED watched their ago
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402 THE PROPHET ARMED at; his frien
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THE PROPHET ARMED leadership and no
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THE PROPHET ARMED Numbers alone giv
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THE PROPHET ARMED enthusiasm, and r
Page 418 and 419: 410 THE PROPHET ARMED employment of
Page 420 and 421: 412 THE PROPHET ARMED military skil
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Page 424 and 425: THE PROPHET ARMED ment may be proud
Page 426 and 427: THE PROPHET ARYIED Kerensky's attem
Page 428 and 429: 420 THE PROPHET ARMED sailors of Kr
Page 430 and 431: 422 THE PROPHET ARMED days later Tu
Page 432 and 433: THE PROPHET ARMED later, in Septemb
Page 434 and 435: THE PROPHET ARMED even deadlier: it
Page 436 and 437: THE PROPHET ARMED against Stalin; a
Page 438 and 439: 430 THE PROPHET ARMED magnitude of
Page 440 and 441: 432 THE PROPHET ARMED Voroshilov's
Page 442 and 443: 434 THE PROPHET ARMED the southern
Page 444 and 445: THE PROPHET ARMED and he walked in
Page 446 and 447: THE PROPHET ARMED The social and po
Page 448 and 449: THE PROPHET ARMED A glimpse of the
Page 450 and 451: THE PROPHET ARMED their perilous as
Page 452 and 453: 444 THE PROPHET ARMED invaders into
Page 454 and 455: THE PROPHET ARMED and Poltava. In S
Page 456 and 457: CHAPTER XIII Revolution and Conques
Page 458 and 459: THE PROPHET ARMED surface of politi
Page 460 and 461: THE PROPHET ARMED years equalled in
Page 462 and 463: 454 THE PROPHET ARMED 'Colonial sla
Page 464 and 465: THE PROPHET ARMED balance under the
Page 466 and 467: THE PROPHET ARMED Soviet power woul
Page 470 and 471: THE PROPHET ARMED Comintern tried t
Page 472 and 473: THE PROPHET ARMED Pilsudski was not
Page 474 and 475: THE PROPHET ARMED although it still
Page 476 and 477: THE PROPHET ARMED A week later the
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Page 480 and 481: . 472 THE PROPHET ARMED position to
Page 482 and 483: 474 THE PROPHET ARMED Mensheviks ha
Page 484 and 485: THE PROPHET ARMED the eyes of the w
Page 486 and 487: THE PROPHET ARMED integrated into t
Page 488 and 489: THE PROPHET ARMED then the militia
Page 490 and 491: THE PROPHET ARMED doctrine'. That d
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Page 494 and 495: CHAPTER XIV .Defeat in Victory ·AT
Page 496 and 497: THE PROPHET ARMED had resulted in t
Page 498 and 499: THE PROPHET ARMED necessity it did
Page 500 and 501: THE PROPHET ARMED with his attempt
Page 502 and 503: 494 THE PROPHET ARMED that the whee
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Page 506 and 507: THE PROPHET ARMED undeservcd. 1 The
Page 508 and 509: 500 THE PROPHET ARMED workers and d
Page 510 and 511: THE PROPHET ARMED dismissed its lea
Page 512 and 513: THE PROPHET ARMED frustration of th
Page 514 and 515: 506 THE PROPHET ARMED inseparable a
Page 516 and 517: 5o8 THE PROPHET ARMED They were the
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510 THE PROPHET ARMED initiate no s
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512 THE PROPHET ARMED employ twenty
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THE PROPHET ARMED battle which in c
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THE PROPHET ARMED It was only under
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518 THE PROPHET ARMED regular oppos
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520 THE PROPHET ARMED animated by '
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522 THE PROPHET ARMED When Trotsky
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BIBLIOGRAPHY EASTMAN, M., Leon Trot
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BIBLIOGRAPHY SAoOuL, JACQUES, Notes
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Ziv, G. A., Trotsky. K
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530 INDEX Bronstein, David, Trotsky
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INDEX Kamenev, B., 176, 194; and Vi
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534 INDEX Martov, Y. (cont.) exodus
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INDEX Revolutions: (cont.) Russian,
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INDEX Trepov, General, vice-Ministe
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INDEX Ulyanov, Alexander, Lenin's o
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