BRITISH IDENTITY AND THE GERMAN OTHER A Dissertation ...

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the LSU History Department for supporting the completion of this work. I also wish to express my gratitude for the instructive guidance of my thesis committee: Drs. David F. Lindenfeld, Victor L. Stater and Meredith Veldman. Dr. Veldman deserves a special thanks for her editorial insights and recommendations concerning organization of the material. W. F. B. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................................ii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES.........................................................................................................................vi ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1 2 HISTORY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF NATIONAL IDENTITY.......................................35 National Cultures and Citizenship.................................................................................... 39 Recent Historiography on National Identity......................................................................47 National Identity and the Brain..........................................................................................58 The Illusion of National Character.....................................................................................63 The Psychology of Stereotyping........................................................................................67 3 BRITISHNESS, ENGLISHNESS AND GERMAN OTHERNESS....................................75 British and English Identity...............................................................................................76 British/English Individualism and European Holism........................................................87 The Jewish Other in Europe and Britain...........................................................................92 Temporal and Spatial Difference in British and German Identities.................................102 4 EMPIRE, RACE AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN VICTORIAN BRITAIN.................110 Victorian Mentalities, National Myth and Empire...........................................................113 Comparisons with Antiquity............................................................................................118 The Racial Argument.......................................................................................................125 Conscious Stereotyping in the Nineteenth Century.........................................................137 5 STEREOTYPES OF OLD GERMANY............................................................................143 The Moral Barbarian........................................................................................................143 The German Boor.............................................................................................................152 The Pious/Godless German..............................................................................................159 iii
Page 1: BRITISH IDENTITY AND THE GERMAN OTH
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES 1. Periodical Source
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT British identity evolved t
Page 9 and 10: 1 Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-
Page 11 and 12: English literature in 1867 and his
Page 13 and 14: in his analysis of the “Anglo-Ger
Page 15 and 16: the cherished Liberal tenets of rep
Page 17 and 18: imperialism, but also with perceive
Page 19 and 20: characterized by a uniformity of ar
Page 21 and 22: stereotypes of Germany and German c
Page 23 and 24: nations. 39 The repeated failure of
Page 25 and 26: Anglophiles in an Anglophobic count
Page 27 and 28: expression in stereotypes which cou
Page 29 and 30: ecame implied weaknesses: the “ph
Page 31 and 32: A. NEWSPAPERS (London): TITLE (DATE
Page 33 and 34: (TABLE 1 continued) C. POPULAR AND
Page 35 and 36: society, albeit a very influential
Page 37 and 38: TABLE 2 GERMAN STEREOTYPE CONTEXT C
Page 39 and 40: FIGURE 4. These rough tabulations s
Page 41 and 42: personalities. Evaluating the histo
Page 43 and 44: 2. HISTORY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF NATION
Page 45 and 46: communications, mass education and
Page 47 and 48: and enduring than the Persian, Egyp
Page 49 and 50: home—loyalty, uprightness, honour
Page 51 and 52: national character in reaction to c
Page 53 and 54:
humanism, he did not fully consider
Page 55 and 56:
partisan differences within nations
Page 57 and 58:
stereotypes in sixteenth and sevent
Page 59 and 60:
Welsh) imperium, one that quickly b
Page 61 and 62:
domestic and international politics
Page 63 and 64:
marriage of state and culture in We
Page 65 and 66:
inseparability of personal and soci
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nationhood. 66 Of course, instinct
Page 69 and 70:
Eagleman has dubbed the brain a “
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difference or affinity such as reli
Page 73 and 74:
Social psychologists since the 1960
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the assignment of negative qualitie
Page 77 and 78:
were also found to involve objectiv
Page 79 and 80:
British views of Germany. Stereotyp
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through either deprecatory or ideal
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3. BRITISHNESS, ENGLISHNESS AND GER
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cultural heroes in the manner of Go
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But rather than dwell like Nairn on
Page 89 and 90:
of a more inclusive civic redefinit
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domestic politics and foreign polic
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to power during the 1830s under the
Page 95 and 96:
literature as well as the inclusion
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his arguments with evidence from st
Page 99 and 100:
Maximillian Robespierre’s radical
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attitudes toward Jews in select maj
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with or in opposition to authoritie
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Nazi takeover represented a pervers
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adaptability, both as a danger and
Page 109 and 110:
social shunning of German families
Page 111 and 112:
national histories, for example, Ke
Page 113 and 114:
Notwithstanding the early appeal of
Page 115 and 116:
changed that. Russia became the che
Page 117 and 118:
Despite excessive fatigue he resolv
Page 119 and 120:
The compression of historical time
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scaremongering. 6 But the obsession
Page 123 and 124:
parts of South Africa and occupied
Page 125 and 126:
once celebrated and endowed with a
Page 127 and 128:
writer to reason that hilly, coasta
Page 129 and 130:
Imperialist identification with Rom
Page 131 and 132:
The classical metaphor provided a v
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ead and low wages galvanized workin
Page 135 and 136:
6-7, 9. spoken at times: but if tre
Page 137 and 138:
British superiority over Germans an
Page 139 and 140:
allowed condemnation of German nati
Page 141 and 142:
component of imperialism to which c
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expressed it, was to Darwin, Spence
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“natural rivals” rather than fr
Page 147 and 148:
If the general impression existed t
Page 149 and 150:
same writer who called Germany the
Page 151 and 152:
5. STEREOTYPES OF OLD GERMANY The G
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earliest outpourings of German “n
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old orders, and manage themselves w
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oddly self-compromised, Germans. Th
Page 159 and 160:
independence of spirit and original
Page 161 and 162:
sixteenth-century German and Englis
Page 163 and 164:
The fine line separating appreciati
Page 165 and 166:
A more innocuous, if no less deplor
Page 167 and 168:
The Pious/Godless German Supercedin
Page 169 and 170:
Newes from Germany” full of porte
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. . . since time immemorial the Pan
Page 173 and 174:
etween 1706 and 1716, but a more si
Page 175 and 176:
described a German graveyard where
Page 177 and 178:
The mirage of Anglo-German religiou
Page 179 and 180:
German works by British critics, co
Page 181 and 182:
of the self-inflicted death of a wo
Page 183 and 184:
literature.” 86 Nevertheless, a t
Page 185 and 186:
writings. 92 But the attraction exe
Page 187 and 188:
potato an Irish vegetable.” 100 A
Page 189 and 190:
emedy the situation and “their ba
Page 191 and 192:
two national figures personified di
Page 193 and 194:
well as outward “cheerfulness”
Page 195 and 196:
South versus an aggrandizing Prussi
Page 197 and 198:
(1820) reported that the “ancient
Page 199 and 200:
years indulging in scandalous behav
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neo-feudal militarism, all of which
Page 203 and 204:
officer. 23 In the New Review of Ju
Page 205 and 206:
metaphysics.” 29 Both Madame de S
Page 207 and 208:
746-48. Within the paradigm of Germ
Page 209 and 210:
foreign bustle and movement.” The
Page 211 and 212:
that fateful year, namely “the un
Page 213 and 214:
“shadowy Imperial power” prior
Page 215 and 216:
author believed required a long int
Page 217 and 218:
with discretion and for his pro-Bri
Page 219 and 220:
his dismissal. In 1901, Henry W. Wo
Page 221 and 222:
measure of political power and pers
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adversity. He insisted that the “
Page 225 and 226:
In contrast to the undisputed, if u
Page 227 and 228:
Conservative agrarians, or Junkers,
Page 229 and 230:
Review reported on the visit of som
Page 231 and 232:
Anglo-German Colonial Rivalry The a
Page 233 and 234:
of those claims, and the evidence o
Page 235 and 236:
encouragement of such a vile and in
Page 237 and 238:
ecame a sinister attempt to “stab
Page 239 and 240:
ultimately reverse a favorable trad
Page 241 and 242:
of contention in the history of Ang
Page 243 and 244:
countries of policies designed to e
Page 245 and 246:
a free hand toward Europe and failu
Page 247 and 248:
efficiently prosecute a ground war
Page 249 and 250:
In the ramp up to World War I, such
Page 251 and 252:
8. CONCLUSION The 2011 European Uni
Page 253 and 254:
two Germanies and the four World Wa
Page 255 and 256:
Sonderweg, despite its limited nati
Page 257 and 258:
Despite such assurances, however, r
Page 259 and 260:
east” may have made for interesti
Page 261 and 262:
diametrically opposed to the “loy
Page 263 and 264:
1990s Germany “had become a whipp
Page 265 and 266:
Britain defined what it meant to be
Page 267 and 268:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Sources Books
Page 269 and 270:
The Groans of Germany: or, the Enqu
Page 271 and 272:
Sarolea, Charles. The Anglo-German
Page 273 and 274:
“The German Character.” Two Par
Page 275 and 276:
“Prince Bismarck and the Prussian
Page 277 and 278:
“The International Struggle for S
Page 279 and 280:
“Why Germany Hates Great Britain.
Page 281 and 282:
Altick, Richard D. The English Comm
Page 283 and 284:
Camrose, Viscount. British Newspape
Page 285 and 286:
Feinberg, Todd E. From Axons to Ide
Page 287 and 288:
Halevy, Elie. A History of the Engl
Page 289 and 290:
Jones, Larry Eugene and James Retal
Page 291 and 292:
Liu, James H. and Janos Laszlo. “
Page 293 and 294:
Michelet, Fabienne. Creation, Migra
Page 295 and 296:
Porter, Bernard. Critics of Empire:
Page 297 and 298:
Steiner, Zara. The Foreign Office a
Page 299 and 300:
Young, Robert. The Idea of English
Page 301 and 302:
Koch, H. W. “The Anglo-German All
Page 303 and 304:
VITA Born in Wilmington, Delaware,
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