BRITISH IDENTITY AND THE GERMAN OTHER A Dissertation ...

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Ward, Paul. Britishness since 1870. London; New York: Routledge, 2004. Waring, Luther Hess. The Political Theories of Martin Luther. Reissued. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat, 1968. Copyright 1910, Luther Hess Waring. Watt, D. C. Britain Looks to Germany: British Opinion and Policy Towards Germany Since 1945. London: Wolff, 1965. Weber, Thomas. Our Friend “the Enemy”: Elite Education in Britain and Germany before World War I. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008. Weight, Richard. Patriots: National Identity in Britain, 1940-2000. London: Macmillan, 2002. Weiner, Martin J. English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit 1850-1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Wexler, Bruce E. Brain and Culture: Neurobiology, Ideology, and Social Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006. Wilson, Kathleen. The Island Race: Englishness, Empire, and Gender in the Eighteenth Century. London; New York: Routledge, 2003. Wilson, Keith M. British Foreign Secretaries and Foreign Policy: From Crimean War to First World War. London: Croom Helm, 1987. ——. Empire and Continent: Studies in British Foreign Policy from the 1880s to the First World War. London; New York: Mansell, 1987. Winks, Robin W., ed. British Imperialism: Gold, God, Glory. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963. Winter, J. M., and Antoine Prost. The Great War in History: Debates and Controversies, 1914to the Present, Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare 21. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Wolfram, Herwig. The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Woodward, E. L. Great Britain and the German Navy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1935. Young, G. M. Portrait of an Age. 2 nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964. First published in 1936. 290
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BRITISH IDENTITY AND THE GERMAN OTH
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..
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LIST OF TABLES 1. Periodical Source
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ABSTRACT British identity evolved t
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1 Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-
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English literature in 1867 and his
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in his analysis of the “Anglo-Ger
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the cherished Liberal tenets of rep
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imperialism, but also with perceive
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characterized by a uniformity of ar
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stereotypes of Germany and German c
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nations. 39 The repeated failure of
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Anglophiles in an Anglophobic count
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expression in stereotypes which cou
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ecame implied weaknesses: the “ph
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A. NEWSPAPERS (London): TITLE (DATE
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(TABLE 1 continued) C. POPULAR AND
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society, albeit a very influential
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TABLE 2 GERMAN STEREOTYPE CONTEXT C
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FIGURE 4. These rough tabulations s
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personalities. Evaluating the histo
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2. HISTORY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF NATION
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communications, mass education and
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and enduring than the Persian, Egyp
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home—loyalty, uprightness, honour
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national character in reaction to c
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humanism, he did not fully consider
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partisan differences within nations
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stereotypes in sixteenth and sevent
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Welsh) imperium, one that quickly b
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domestic and international politics
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marriage of state and culture in We
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inseparability of personal and soci
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nationhood. 66 Of course, instinct
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Eagleman has dubbed the brain a “
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difference or affinity such as reli
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Social psychologists since the 1960
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the assignment of negative qualitie
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were also found to involve objectiv
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British views of Germany. Stereotyp
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through either deprecatory or ideal
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3. BRITISHNESS, ENGLISHNESS AND GER
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cultural heroes in the manner of Go
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But rather than dwell like Nairn on
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of a more inclusive civic redefinit
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domestic politics and foreign polic
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to power during the 1830s under the
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literature as well as the inclusion
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his arguments with evidence from st
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Maximillian Robespierre’s radical
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attitudes toward Jews in select maj
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with or in opposition to authoritie
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Nazi takeover represented a pervers
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adaptability, both as a danger and
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social shunning of German families
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national histories, for example, Ke
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Notwithstanding the early appeal of
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changed that. Russia became the che
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Despite excessive fatigue he resolv
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The compression of historical time
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scaremongering. 6 But the obsession
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parts of South Africa and occupied
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once celebrated and endowed with a
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writer to reason that hilly, coasta
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Imperialist identification with Rom
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The classical metaphor provided a v
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ead and low wages galvanized workin
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6-7, 9. spoken at times: but if tre
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British superiority over Germans an
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allowed condemnation of German nati
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component of imperialism to which c
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expressed it, was to Darwin, Spence
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“natural rivals” rather than fr
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If the general impression existed t
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same writer who called Germany the
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5. STEREOTYPES OF OLD GERMANY The G
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earliest outpourings of German “n
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old orders, and manage themselves w
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oddly self-compromised, Germans. Th
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independence of spirit and original
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sixteenth-century German and Englis
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The fine line separating appreciati
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A more innocuous, if no less deplor
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The Pious/Godless German Supercedin
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Newes from Germany” full of porte
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. . . since time immemorial the Pan
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etween 1706 and 1716, but a more si
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described a German graveyard where
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The mirage of Anglo-German religiou
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German works by British critics, co
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of the self-inflicted death of a wo
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literature.” 86 Nevertheless, a t
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writings. 92 But the attraction exe
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potato an Irish vegetable.” 100 A
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emedy the situation and “their ba
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two national figures personified di
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well as outward “cheerfulness”
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South versus an aggrandizing Prussi
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(1820) reported that the “ancient
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years indulging in scandalous behav
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neo-feudal militarism, all of which
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officer. 23 In the New Review of Ju
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metaphysics.” 29 Both Madame de S
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746-48. Within the paradigm of Germ
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foreign bustle and movement.” The
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that fateful year, namely “the un
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“shadowy Imperial power” prior
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author believed required a long int
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with discretion and for his pro-Bri
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his dismissal. In 1901, Henry W. Wo
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measure of political power and pers
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adversity. He insisted that the “
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In contrast to the undisputed, if u
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Conservative agrarians, or Junkers,
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Review reported on the visit of som
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Anglo-German Colonial Rivalry The a
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of those claims, and the evidence o
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encouragement of such a vile and in
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ecame a sinister attempt to “stab
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ultimately reverse a favorable trad
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of contention in the history of Ang
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countries of policies designed to e
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a free hand toward Europe and failu
Page 247 and 248: efficiently prosecute a ground war
Page 249 and 250: In the ramp up to World War I, such
Page 251 and 252: 8. CONCLUSION The 2011 European Uni
Page 253 and 254: two Germanies and the four World Wa
Page 255 and 256: Sonderweg, despite its limited nati
Page 257 and 258: Despite such assurances, however, r
Page 259 and 260: east” may have made for interesti
Page 261 and 262: diametrically opposed to the “loy
Page 263 and 264: 1990s Germany “had become a whipp
Page 265 and 266: Britain defined what it meant to be
Page 267 and 268: BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Sources Books
Page 269 and 270: The Groans of Germany: or, the Enqu
Page 271 and 272: Sarolea, Charles. The Anglo-German
Page 273 and 274: “The German Character.” Two Par
Page 275 and 276: “Prince Bismarck and the Prussian
Page 277 and 278: “The International Struggle for S
Page 279 and 280: “Why Germany Hates Great Britain.
Page 281 and 282: Altick, Richard D. The English Comm
Page 283 and 284: Camrose, Viscount. British Newspape
Page 285 and 286: Feinberg, Todd E. From Axons to Ide
Page 287 and 288: Halevy, Elie. A History of the Engl
Page 289 and 290: Jones, Larry Eugene and James Retal
Page 291 and 292: Liu, James H. and Janos Laszlo. “
Page 293 and 294: Michelet, Fabienne. Creation, Migra
Page 295 and 296: Porter, Bernard. Critics of Empire:
Page 297: Steiner, Zara. The Foreign Office a
Page 301 and 302: Koch, H. W. “The Anglo-German All
Page 303 and 304: VITA Born in Wilmington, Delaware,
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