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discover how ardently these Frankist 'Jacobins' yearned for
the overthrow of the existing regime." 114
The Jacobin leaders who were active in the French
Revolution were anti-religious, but they could clearly be
divided into two types, both of which manifested the anti-
Semitism of which we spoke. One wanted to see the Jews
obliterated and persecuted, and the other wanted to see the
Jew emancipated and assimilated. The Frankists and the
llluminatist Jacobins aligned with Mirabeau were anti-Semites,
favoring the total assimilation of the Jews.
Of course, the Jews were a minority among the Jacobins,
and to call Jacobinism a Jewish plot would be just as
ridiculous as calling world Communism Jewish-dominated,
although both groups had their prominent Jewish
revolutionaries. Among those revolutionaries who sought the
physical destruction of the Jews, one could count Voltaire, the
Alsatian deputy Rewbell, one named LaFare, Bishop of Nancy,
and the Abbe Maury. Those who wished for the emancipation
of the Jews or their spiritual destruction were Count Mirabeau,
the Abbe Gregoire, Diderot and Robespierre. 115
Zalkind-Hourwitz, Mendelssohn's Jacobin disciple, openly
displayed such desires for Jews to assimilate that he could
well be characterized as a Jewish anti-Semite, or self-hating
Jew. Thus Hertzberg informs us that he was a bitter enemy of
the Talmud and the Rabbinate. 116 He asked that Rabbis be
denied any authority to discipline Jews via
excommunication. 117 Hertzberg goes on to say that
"In his hatred of Rabbis, Zalkind-Hourwitz reached such fury
that he even put into print accusations that must be called a
piece of overt anti-Semitism. Commenting on the custom
enjoined by the Talmud that Jewish dead are to be buried on
the very day of death, Zalkind-Hourwitz wrote that it is quite
probable that this homicidal custom was introduced by some
Rabbi who was a poisoner, in order to hide his crime from the
98