You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
nation's depravity, Michaells' statistical method was wrong.<br />
The number of Jews in that category was not <strong>to</strong> be compared<br />
with general population figures but with non-Jews of <strong>the</strong> same<br />
description among small traders and second-hand dealers. A<br />
comparison would <strong>the</strong>n show that <strong>the</strong>re were twenty-five times<br />
more German than Jewish offenders of this kind. He added<br />
grimly: 'Besides, <strong>the</strong> Jew resorts <strong>to</strong> such a way of life from<br />
sheer necessity, while <strong>the</strong> non-Jew has a chance <strong>to</strong> become a<br />
field marshal or cabinet minister and by his free choice<br />
became a small trader, second-hand dealer, mousetrap<br />
vendor, magic lantern, or curiosities huckster'."<br />
Michaelis wrote several volumes of works that were<br />
devoted <strong>to</strong> Biblical criticism, such as his work entitled The New<br />
Testament, which appeared in 1750.<br />
Michaelis also suggested <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> King of Denmark that an<br />
archeological excavation should be carried out in <strong>the</strong> Near<br />
East. This is one of <strong>the</strong> earliest references that one can find <strong>to</strong><br />
an excavation of this type. It is indeed unfortunate that some of<br />
<strong>the</strong> great archeological discoveries of <strong>the</strong> nineteenth century<br />
were interpreted and reported in <strong>the</strong> media from <strong>the</strong> standpoint<br />
of disproving <strong>the</strong> Bible, or undermining it.<br />
After Mendelssohn's death, a certain Judah Ben Ze'ev<br />
(1764-1811) 248 of Jewish birth, moved <strong>to</strong> Berlin in 1787 and<br />
secured for himself <strong>the</strong> dubious distinction of "<strong>the</strong> first Jewish<br />
scholar <strong>to</strong> apply Western research methods <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> study of<br />
Hebrew." Ben Ze'ev's heresies traveled <strong>to</strong> his native city of<br />
Krak, so that when he returned later on, <strong>the</strong> Rabbis of <strong>the</strong><br />
community forced him <strong>to</strong> leave, and he later settled in Vienna.<br />
Following on <strong>the</strong> heels of Johann David Michaelis for<br />
leadership in <strong>the</strong> field of Biblical criticism came J. G. Eichhorn<br />
(1752-1827). 249 He presided as Professor of Oriental Studies<br />
at Jena (1775-1787). It is interesting <strong>to</strong> note that while Karl<br />
Marx studied at Bonn and Berlin, he received his Ph.D. from<br />
<strong>the</strong> same university. Eichhorn left Jena <strong>to</strong> join <strong>the</strong> faculty of<br />
philosophy at Gottingen, which position he held from 1788 until<br />
<strong>the</strong> time of his death. It is claimed that had an influence on<br />
133