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1. Idolatry.<br />
2. Prohibited sexual intercourse.<br />
3. Murder of an innocent person.<br />
In defining idolatry, <strong>the</strong> Rabbis delineated certain<br />
philosophical commandments that fell under this category. The<br />
Rabbis did not regard Christians, for example, as idolaters, for<br />
it has been well articulated in Judaism that <strong>the</strong> concept of <strong>the</strong><br />
Trinity is not idolatrous for a non-Jew, since non-Jews were<br />
never given any specific commandments prohibiting belief in a<br />
multi-faceted deity. 42 However, with regard <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Jews, <strong>the</strong><br />
Torah proclaims (Deut. 6:4) "Hear, O Israel, <strong>the</strong> Lord our God.<br />
<strong>the</strong> Lord is One." Judaism regarded <strong>the</strong> commandment <strong>to</strong> unify<br />
God as a commandment <strong>to</strong> be binding exclusively on Jews.<br />
Therefore, Jews throughout <strong>the</strong> Middle Ages chose death<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than forced conversion <strong>to</strong> Christianity. Judaism officially<br />
regarded Christians as not being idolatrous, but Jews who<br />
convert <strong>to</strong> Christianity are considered as idolaters.<br />
The Muslim philosophers declared that <strong>the</strong> Torah was not<br />
an au<strong>the</strong>ntic revelation, but <strong>the</strong>ir religion spoke of one God—<br />
Allah. Again, Judaism regarded <strong>the</strong> denial of <strong>the</strong> au<strong>the</strong>ntic<br />
revelation of <strong>the</strong> Torah by Islam as non-idolatrous, for non-<br />
Jews were not included in <strong>the</strong> commandments concerning <strong>the</strong><br />
blasphemy of <strong>the</strong> Torah. For <strong>the</strong> Jews this would be idolatry.<br />
Therefore, <strong>the</strong>y chose death ra<strong>the</strong>r than conversion <strong>to</strong> Islam.<br />
Judaism is a non-proselytizing faith and, <strong>the</strong>refore, has no<br />
missionaries, for intrinsic in <strong>the</strong> belief in Judaism was that non-<br />
Jews could achieve salvation if <strong>the</strong>y led moral lives. In<br />
Talmudic verbiage, "<strong>the</strong> righteous of <strong>the</strong> world have a share in<br />
<strong>the</strong> hereafter." And it was conceived that <strong>the</strong> Jew was <strong>to</strong> be a<br />
priesthood <strong>to</strong> serve <strong>the</strong> nations of <strong>the</strong> world, <strong>to</strong> achieve a<br />
moral life based on universal morality as conceived in <strong>the</strong><br />
Noahide laws.<br />
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