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Speiser makes reference to Wellhausian authorship in his
book by putting capital letters in parentheses after Biblical
verses, designating who wrote them. Kaufmann, while
subscribing to Wellhausen's hypothesis, wrote his monumental
work, an eight-volume treatise in Hebrew entitled Toldot
Haemuna Hayisroelit, seven volumes of which were translated
from the Hebrew in 1960 under the title The Religion of Israel.
Kaufmann is original because, unlike the other critics who
claimed that Judaism and the Bible evolved from paganism, he
takes painstaking care to show that Judaism is not a
development from paganism, but has an entire new beginning
in itself. He writes strictly against Greek secularism, and
stresses the importance of the Jewish religion. But unfor-
tunately, he is still caught in the trappings of Biblical critics,
and points out apparent contradictions in the Torah that any
good Talmudic scholar can easily refute.
Of the Biblical critics mentioned, Speiser, Kaufmann and
Steinschneider were embraced by the Conservative
movement. The Conservative movement's outstanding
spokesman, Solomon Schechter, in order to try to curry favor
with religious Jews, referred to Wellhausen and the German
Biblical critics and their criticisms, not as "higher Biblical
criticism," but as "higher anti-Semitism." Yet he agreed with
the idea that God did not write the Torah.
The documentary hypothesis was successfully refuted by
the following Biblical scholars who wrote classical works:
J. Robertson, The Early Religion of Israel;
James Orr, The Problem of the Old Testament;
W.L. Baxter (1841-1937), Sanctuary and Sacrifice;
H.M. Weiner. (1847-1929), Essays in Pentateuchal Critism;
D. Hoffman (1843-1921), Die Wichtigsten Instanzen gegen
die Wellhausensche Hypothese;
and more recently, Elihu Schatz, Proofs of the Accuracy of
the Bible, Jonathan David (1973).
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