Antelman to eliminate the opiate vol1

In 1789, there were approximately 40,000 Jews in France,
30,000 of whom lived in ghettos. During the Reign of Terror, all
houses of worship were closed in accordance with Jacobin
anti-religious policy. The churches and synagogues were
reopened after Robespierre was guillotined on July 28, 1794,
signifying the end of terror and the Jacobin power base. The
Jews could now enjoy the full benefits of a vote taken on
September 28, 1791, by the Commune before the National
Assembly in which 53 out of 60 districts in France voted in
favor of granting all Jews of France complete civil rights on a
par with all citizens, which meant that the decision favored the
spiritual anti-Semites, for Jews to assimilate.
What we are confronted with here is the legitimate desire
for Jews to have their legal civil rights being exploited by
radical revolutionaries. It is then no wonder that there were
such phenomena in France as Jewish Jacobin lodges. For
example, Hertzberg cites a Jewish Jacobin lodge in Bayonne,
which he characterizes as "less anti-religious than the usual
run of Jacobins, including those in control in Bayonne itself." 119
Hertzberg gives a comprehensive presentation with regard to
the major personalities of the French Revolution and their
attitudes towards Jews. Voltaire was virulently anti-Semitic.
Voltaire was prone to concocting plots against Jews. For
example, he accused a prominent wealthy Jew called
Solomon Levy 120 of spying for the Emperor of Austria. Voltaire
stated, "A Jew belongs to no land other than the one where he
makes money. Can he not just as easily betray the King for the
Emperor, as the Emperor for the King?" 121 Voltaire was prone
to making disparaging remarks pertaining to Jews as being
akin to barbarians, in addition to voicing his incisive criticism of
the Bible, its Jewish background, and all religions, typical of
Jacobin rhetoric. 122
The Jacobins did not take any chance, though, in
suppressing or censoring anti-Semitic rabble-rousing, for
although the revolutionary left, represented primarily by the
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