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Commune of Paris, adopted <strong>the</strong> cause of <strong>the</strong> Jews, its leaders<br />
knew very well that this attitude was unpopular with <strong>the</strong><br />
masses. 123 Which raises <strong>the</strong> question whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong><br />
revolutionary left had significant amounts of Jewish money<br />
behind it <strong>to</strong> dissuade itself from giving in <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> masses.<br />
A circular letter issued by <strong>the</strong> Jacobins after <strong>the</strong> Revolution<br />
makes mention that <strong>the</strong>y were less concerned about <strong>the</strong><br />
Jewish religious system than about what <strong>the</strong>y called "<strong>the</strong>ir<br />
criminal antipathy <strong>to</strong> all citizens who do not belong <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
ridiculous cult." 124<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r Jacobin outburst declared that Jews should give up<br />
"<strong>the</strong>ir swindles and ex<strong>to</strong>rtions ... and work with <strong>the</strong>ir hands in<br />
<strong>the</strong> workshops and fields." 125 Hertzberg classifies this rhe<strong>to</strong>ric<br />
as that of some of <strong>the</strong> extreme Jacobins of Eastern France.<br />
Many scholars have noted that Karl Marx's anti-Semitic<br />
outlook bore a relationship <strong>to</strong> Voltaire's works. 126 This point is<br />
made, for example, in a book entitled Anti-Semites in Modern<br />
France." 127<br />
An his<strong>to</strong>rian named Silberner has taken up <strong>the</strong> question of<br />
<strong>the</strong> anti-Semitic attitudes of <strong>the</strong> European left in <strong>the</strong> 19th<br />
century in a work entitled Western Socialism and <strong>the</strong> Jewish<br />
Question. 128 However, he does fail <strong>to</strong> link <strong>the</strong> Socialist outlook<br />
with Voltaire. Hertzberg, noting this, maintains that <strong>the</strong> subject<br />
needs fur<strong>the</strong>r study." 129<br />
Whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> Frankists became Jacobins, Reform or<br />
Conservative movement leaders, or o<strong>the</strong>rwise, one thing came<br />
down from generation <strong>to</strong> generation in <strong>the</strong>ir circles, and that<br />
was <strong>the</strong>ir profound hatred for Torah, true Judaism, <strong>the</strong> Talmud<br />
and <strong>the</strong> Rabbis, which, unfortunately, manifests itself <strong>to</strong> this<br />
very day among large segments of <strong>the</strong> leadership of <strong>the</strong><br />
Conservative and Reform movements throughout <strong>the</strong><br />
Diaspora. These successors of <strong>the</strong> Frankists and <strong>the</strong> Haskala<br />
were in no small way influenced by Frank's disciples <strong>to</strong> whom<br />
we will now turn our attention.<br />
100