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An excellent account of <strong>the</strong> 19th Century events is <strong>to</strong> be<br />
found in The Tzemach Tzedek and The Haskala Movement.<br />
from which we have profusely drawn. It was fur<strong>the</strong>rmore this<br />
stunning defeat that heightened extreme disdain for Russian<br />
Jews, which was manifested in many ways by Jacob Schiff. 16<br />
In 1838, Dr. Lillienthal came <strong>to</strong> Riga <strong>to</strong> assume <strong>the</strong> leadership<br />
of a special school designed <strong>to</strong> destroy Judaism, which<br />
opened its doors in January 1840. The Bund exercised its<br />
master plan through a committee consisting of <strong>the</strong> Reform<br />
functionaries, Phillipsohn, Homberg, Mannheimer and<br />
Auerbach. 17<br />
Lillienthal was born in Munich and graduated from <strong>the</strong><br />
University of Munich. To get an idea of how ruthless <strong>the</strong><br />
committee was, let us examine just one member, Homberg.<br />
He attempted <strong>to</strong> have a tax imposed in Germany in 1795 on<br />
<strong>the</strong> Sabbath and holiday candles used by <strong>the</strong> Jews. He was a<br />
man of rotten moral character, and was convicted of<br />
misappropriation of funds in 1801. In 1810, he published a<br />
booklet entitled Who Is Culturally Fit for Marriage? in which he<br />
tried <strong>to</strong> discredit religious Jews as not being fit for marriage. 18<br />
From 1814-1841 Homberg served under Franz I as inspec<strong>to</strong>r<br />
of Jewish schools in Bohemia, where he succeeded in<br />
destroying <strong>the</strong> Jewish parochial school system.<br />
When Lillienthal arrived in Riga much, groundwork had<br />
already been laid by Bund controlled agents in Russia.<br />
Lillienthal ingratiated himself with <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>n Prince Lichtenberg<br />
of Russia, who was <strong>the</strong> prominent son-in-law of <strong>the</strong> anti-<br />
Semitic Czar Nicholas I, who was no<strong>to</strong>rious for his compulsory<br />
conscription of Jewish children in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Russian army, and<br />
attempts for <strong>the</strong>ir forced conversion <strong>to</strong> Christianity.<br />
Prince Lichtenberg could be considered an initial forerunner<br />
in <strong>the</strong> intrigues in government preceding <strong>the</strong> Bolshevik<br />
revolution. He was a free thinker, considered a heretic by <strong>the</strong><br />
Vatican, and was cause for <strong>the</strong> King of Bavaria <strong>to</strong> be censured<br />
by <strong>the</strong>m for not concerning himself with his younger bro<strong>the</strong>r's<br />
22