Engineering: issues, challenges and opportunities for development ...

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ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENTTable 6: Students Graduating in Tertiary-Level “Engineering”* Education as a % of All Graduates, 1999 - World1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Europe (OECD/Eurostat)Austria ... 22,6 20,6 ... 21,4 20,4 20,4 ... ...Belgium ... 11,6 10,7 10,5 ... 11,1 ... 9,3 ...Bulgaria 14,5 13,5 15,0 21,1 15,7 16,1 16,1 ... ...Croatia 18,8 19,0 17,4 15,4 14,0 ... 11,9 11,5 ...Cyprus 7,1 ... ... 5,6 6,0 3,4 ... ... ...Czech Republic 17,2 13,4 11,5 11,9 15,4 14,8 15,9 15,0 ...Denmark 12,2 10,8 13,6 13,0 11,3 9,0 10,5 10,9 ...Estonia 14,1 13,1 12,1 10,1 9,3 8,3 9,6 9,9 ...Finland 22,8 20,4 22,2 21,3 20,7 21,2 ... ... ...France 16,6 15,1 ... 16,5 16,3 14,7 14,7 ... ...Germany 17,8 17,3 16,9 16,9 17,0 16,8 16,3 ... ...Greece ... ... ... ... ... 10,1 12,3 ... ...Hungary 14,0 9,7 7,5 9,3 8,5 7,8 6,9 6,5 ...Iceland 5,0 6,2 5,5 4,5 5,5 5,1 5,8 6,4 ...Ireland 12,1 12,9 11,6 10,6 11,7 12,6 12,0 ... ...Israel ... 23,4 5,7 6,3 ... ... ... ... ...Italy 15,6 15,3 14,7 15,2 15,6 15,3 14,9 ... ...Latvia 10,0 9,4 7,1 7,7 7,1 7,7 ... 6,8 ...Lithuania 21,7 21,2 20,7 18,7 17,4 17,0 16,6 15,9 ...Luxembourg ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Malta 2,8 6,2 5,1 4,4 4,8 5,2 3,7 ... ...Netherlands 11,2 10,4 10,3 10,4 10,7 9,0 8,4 8,3 ...Norway 8,8 7,9 7,7 7,3 8,4 8,0 7,7 ... ...Poland ... ... 6,9 7,2 7,6 7,0 7,4 8,4 ...Portugal ... 12,2 ... 12,9 13,0 14,6 15,1 ... ...Romania 18,5 18,9 18,4 16,5 18,1 17,6 17,6 15,8 ...Russian Federation ... ... ... ... ... 19,7 19,9 22,3 ...Slovakia 13,6 14,6 16,9 16,6 15,3 14,8 16,7 15,0 ...Slovenia 19,3 ... 16,6 16,1 15,2 14,9 14,3 12,6 ...Spain 14,2 14,8 16,2 16,5 16,9 16,9 ... 16,5 ...Sweden 20,0 20,8 21,9 21,9 20,9 20,1 ... ... ...Switzerland 15,1 14,1 13,0 12,7 11,8 12,0 13,6 ... ...Turkey ... ... 17,2 15,3 14,9 19,3 18,8 14,3 ...United Kingdom 11,8 9,8 10,5 10,0 8,8 8,1 8,0 8,2 ...Other OECD (outside Europe)Australia 7,9 7,4 8,3 7,9 7,8 ... 7,9 7,9 ...New Zealand 5,8 5,0 4,9 5,2 4,6 5,2 5,3 5,2 ...Canada 10,9 ... ... 10,4 ... ... ... ... ...Mexico 13,7 14,9 14,9 15,0 17,5 ... 15,5 ... ...112
AN OVERVIEW OF ENGINEERING1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007United States 8,5 8,3 8,3 8,0 7,8 7,7 7,4 7,2 ...Japan 19,1 19,4 19,2 19,4 19,2 18,6 18,5 ... ...Rep. of Korea 36,4 35,4 32,4 32,0 30,0 28,4 27,5 29,5 28,1Western Europe n.e.cAndorra ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Gibralter ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Holy See ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Liechtenstein ... ... ... ... 23,0 5,5 ... 34,8 ...Monaco ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...San Marino ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Central and Eastern Europe n.e.c.Albania ... 5,1 3,9 ... 4,2 ... ... ... ...Belarus ... ... ... ... ... 22,6 23,4 23,6 ...Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Montenegro ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Rep. of Moldova ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Serbia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Rep. of Macedonia 23,4 22,8 16,3 17,2 16,1 15,3 14,1 ... ...Ukraine 31,9 ... 26,3 24,2 21,9 20,9 21,1 20,5 ...Arab StatesAlgeria ... ... ... ... ... 11,8 ... 11,3 ...Bahrain ... ... ... ... 10,0 ... 10,2 10,3 ...Djibouti ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Egypt ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Iraq ... 10,3 ... ... ... 25,7 ... ... ...Jordan ... ... ... ... ... 10,0 8,9 ... ...Kuwait ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Lebanon ... 12,5 14,2 13,1 ... 10,5 12,8 11,5 ...Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Mauritania ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Morocco ... 2,6 ... ... 5,0 4,1 5,9 6,5 ...Oman ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,6 ...Palestinian Aut. Terr. ... 5,7 7,0 ... 9,2 9,4 ... 7,3 ...Qatar ... ... 5,2 5,1 5,5 ... ... ... ...Saudi Arabia ... ... ... ... ... 1,4 2,6 ... ...Sudan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Syrian Arab Rep. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Tunisia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...United Arab Emirates ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Yemen ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...113
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UNESCO ReportEngineering:IssuesChal
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This landmark report on engineering
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Executive SummaryAn agenda for engi
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ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND
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Introductionto the Report
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INTRODUCTION© GFDL - Wikimedia - L
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1What is Engineering?
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?and awareness o
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?1.2 Engineers,
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2Engineering andHuman Development
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTth
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT2.
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3Engineering:Emerging Issues and Ch
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5Engineering around the world
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDnationa
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDwere ta
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDdissati
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDGerman
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDTable 1
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDAfter t
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDence, e
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDAs the
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDnology-
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6Engineering for Development:Applic
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ENGINEERING FOR DEVELOPMENT: APPLIC
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7Engineering Capacity:Education, Tr
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ENGINEERING CAPACITY: EDUCATION, TR
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APPENDICES9.1Engineering at UNESCO
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APPENDICES9.2Biographies of Contrib
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APPENDICESopment of software for in
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APPENDICESwas President of the Euro
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APPENDICESous career in higher educ
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APPENDICES2002 and has led the deve
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APPENDICESity engineering, and form
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APPENDICESKevin WallDr Kevin Wall i
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APPENDICES9.3List of acronyms abbre
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APPENDICESIAAMRHIACETICCICEICIDICSU
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APPENDICESUNCSTDUNCTADUNDPUNEPUNESC
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APPENDICES212, 213, 214, 215, 217,
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