Engineering: issues, challenges and opportunities for development ...

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ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENTTable 3: Students Enrolled in Tertiary-Level “Engineering”* Education, 1999-2006, as a % of All Students - World1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Europe (OECD/Eurostat)Austria ... 12,9 ... ... 13,6 12,6 12,1 11,8Belgium ... 11,8 11,4 11,3 10,6 11,5 10,4 10,6Bulgaria 18,4 20,1 21,4 22,7 22,1 22,1 21,2 21,0Croatia 19,8 ... 19,1 18,6 17,0 ... 16,3 16,3Cyprus 8,2 6,4 4,6 3,7 3,5 4,0 5,0 6,1Czech Republic 22,1 16,1 16,0 20,7 20,4 20,6 19,7 ...Denmark 9,2 10,0 10,3 9,9 10,8 10,4 10,3 10,1Estonia 15,4 13,8 12,7 11,7 11,6 12,0 12,2 12,3Finland 24,6 25,6 25,9 25,8 26,6 26,7 26,4 25,9France ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11,5Germany 16,2 15,8 15,5 15,4 15,2 15,4 ... 15,7Greece ... ... ... 13,8 ... 15,1 16,5 14,3Hungary 18,4 17,7 15,5 13,0 14,2 12,9 12,4 12,4Iceland 5,7 5,8 6,0 6,0 6,5 6,7 6,7 7,3Ireland 11,9 11,4 11,6 11,3 11,2 11,0 10,3 10,4Israel 16,6 15,3 19,6 20,1 19,2 19,5 18,3 17,9Italy 17,0 16,8 16,5 16,4 16,3 16,1 15,9 15,6Latvia 16,1 10,2 9,9 10,2 9,9 9,6 9,5 10,0Lithuania 22,5 22,4 21,6 20,2 19,7 19,5 18,6 18,0Luxembourg ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 15,0Malta 7,5 6,5 6,2 7,2 7,5 8,9 7,8 ...Netherlands 10,9 10,7 10,6 10,5 10,1 8,2 7,9 8,2Norway 8,4 6,8 6,5 6,4 6,3 6,5 6,9 ...Poland 14,5 13,5 13,2 13,6 13,6 13,3 11,7 12,6Portugal ... 17,9 ... 20,7 21,1 21,6 21,8 21,9Romania 22,4 21,9 20,4 20,1 21,6 21,2 20,3 18,2Russian Federation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Slovakia 21,3 20,8 20,6 19,1 17,9 17,4 17,4 16,4Slovenia 18,9 18,4 17,5 16,7 17,2 16,8 15,8 15,6Spain 15,8 16,1 16,5 17,1 17,5 17,7 17,6 17,8Sweden 19,3 19,1 19,1 18,1 17,3 16,7 16,4 16,3Switzerland 15,8 14,9 14,3 14,3 13,6 13,6 13,2 13,4Turkey ... ... 13,2 13,1 13,5 14,3 13,9 13,3United Kingdom 8,8 8,8 10,5 10,1 7,7 8,0 8,1 8,2Other OECD (outside Europe)Australia 11,6 11,6 11,5 10,7 11,0 10,8 10,6 10,4New Zealand 6,3 6,7 6,5 5,8 7,1 6,1 6,3 6,6Canada 10,1 ... ... 10,2 ... ... ... ...Mexico 16,9 16,9 17,5 18,3 18,6 20,5 18,3 18,694
AN OVERVIEW OF ENGINEERING1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006United States ... ... ... ... ... ... 6,7 6,7Japan 18,2 17,8 17,7 17,5 17,2 16,8 16,6 16,1Rep. of Korea 38,7 38,6 34,8 34,5 32,3 30,8 31,7 30,3Western Europe n.e.cAndorra ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Gibralter ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Holy See ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Liechtenstein ... ... ... ... 25,2 28,0 25,6 ...Monaco ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...San Marino ... 15,0 ... ... ... ... ... ...Central and Eastern Europe n.e.c.Albania ... 6,5 6,6 ... 8,6 8,0 ... ...Belarus ... ... ... ... ... ... 25,1 25,4Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Montenegro ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Rep. of Moldova ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Serbia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Rep. of Macedonia 18,7 21,1 19,2 20,5 19,8 18,0 18,1 ...Ukraine 28,5 ... 23,4 22,8 22,4 22,1 22,3 22,1Arab StatesAlgeria ... ... ... ... ... 10,0 9,9 9,9Bahrain ... ... ... ... 10,9 ... 8,4 8,6Djibouti ... ... 2,6 ... ... 2,5 ... 5,9Egypt ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Iraq ... 10,0 ... ... ... 19,0 ... ...Jordan ... ... ... ... 12,2 10,6 11,5 12,5Kuwait ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Lebanon ... 11,9 11,3 11,5 11,5 10,1 11,6 11,6Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ... 20,6 ... ... ... ... ... ...Mauritania ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Morocco 2,0 2,6 5,3 ... 4,0 3,8 4,6 5,6Oman ... ... ... ... ... ... 9,3 ...Palestinian Aut. Terr. 7,2 5,9 5,2 6,7 7,7 7,1 ... 6,6Qatar ... ... 3,7 3,5 4,0 4,7 ... ...Saudi Arabia ... 8,1 ... ... 8,4 2,7 3,3 ...Sudan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Syrian Arab Rep. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Tunisia ... ... ... ... 9,0 ... ... 10,7United Arab Emirates ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Yemen ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...95
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UNESCO ReportEngineering:IssuesChal
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This landmark report on engineering
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Executive SummaryAn agenda for engi
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ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND
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Introductionto the Report
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INTRODUCTION© GFDL - Wikimedia - L
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1What is Engineering?
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?and awareness o
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?1.2 Engineers,
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2Engineering andHuman Development
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTth
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTwi
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTin
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTMo
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT2.
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5Engineering around the world
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDnationa
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDwere ta
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDare nee
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLD5.3Coun
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDand res
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDof addi
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLD■■
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDdissati
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDFosteri
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDneers a
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDGerman
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDTable 1
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDAfter t
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDence, e
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDBrazilL
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDAs the
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDnology-
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6Engineering for Development:Applic
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ENGINEERING FOR DEVELOPMENT: APPLIC
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7Engineering Capacity:Education, Tr
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ENGINEERING CAPACITY: EDUCATION, TR
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APPENDICES9.1Engineering at UNESCO
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APPENDICES9.2Biographies of Contrib
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APPENDICESopment of software for in
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APPENDICESwas President of the Euro
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APPENDICESous career in higher educ
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APPENDICES2002 and has led the deve
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APPENDICESity engineering, and form
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APPENDICESKevin WallDr Kevin Wall i
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APPENDICES9.3List of acronyms abbre
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APPENDICESIAAMRHIACETICCICEICIDICSU
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APPENDICESUNCSTDUNCTADUNDPUNEPUNESC
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APPENDICES212, 213, 214, 215, 217,
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