Engineering: issues, challenges and opportunities for development ...

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ENGINEERING FOR DEVELOPMENT: APPLICATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURERelationship between physical infrastructure and the mdgs (from essential infrastructure, bottom, toadvanced economic infrastructure, top)Service Physical infrastructure Examples of socio-economic inputsMDGGoal(s)Primary/ directMDG impactNational and internationalmovement and Import/export ofgoods and peoplePorts/harboursAirportsHighwaysRailwaysTrade relations and agreements 8 Global partnershipService industries e.g. banking Offices Skills training8 Global partnershipExternal investmentManufacturing and processing • Factories• Industrial unitsSkills training 8 Global partnershipAcute health careFurther educationCommunicationsPower supplyAgriculture and food distributionPublic transport and accessibilityHospitalsPharmaceuticalsUniversitiesCollegesSecondary schoolsWireless networksMobile networksTelephone networksTelecentresPower stationsElectricity distributionLocal roadsIrrigationLocal marketsPedestrian/cycle routesBus systemsWater transportMedical trainingAffordabilityAccessibilityAcademic linksCurriculum developmentAffordabilityLocal skills trainingPrivate sector enterpriseDemand managementAffordabilityTrainingInformationNeeds assessmentAffordabilityRoad safetyPrimary healthcare Health centres Health promotionHealth trainingPrimary education Primary schools Teacher trainingAffordabilityCurriculum developmentCommunity mobilisationCommunity centresPublic buildingsCommunity demandBuilding skillsShelter Houses Building skillsSitingDemandDisaster Risk ReductionSanitation and waste managementand disposalWater supplyCommunal sheltersFlood defencesLatrinesDrainage systemsSewerage systemsSolid waste transferLandfill sitesRecycling plantsPoint sourcesTreatmentStorageDistribution systemsCommunity awarenessWarning systemsHygiene promotionCommunity managementCommunity recyclingHygiene promotionCommunity managementMaintenance trainingPrivate sector enterprise4, 5, 6, 8 Diseases8 Global partnership3, 6, 7, 8 Global partnership7, 8 Global partnership1, 4, 5 Eradicate extremepoverty1, 2, 7, 83, 4, 5, 7 Maternal health2, 3, 7 Universal PrimaryEducation1, 3 Eradicate extremepoverty1, 7 Eradicate extremepoverty1 Eradicate extremepoverty1, 2, 3, 4,5, 71, 2, 3, 4,5, 7Child mortalityChild mortality253
ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENTtemporarily re-prioritize those needs by focusing attention onthe unfulfilled needs, but will not permanently regress to thelower level.Engineering solutions are integral to mitigating poverty; howeverengineering is not the sole contributor to successful povertyalleviation programmes, which also entail attention tosocial, economic and political influences.Sustainable engineering will be achieved when the engineeringsolutions adopted take into account their use of naturalresources. Optimum solutions will have a positive or neutralimpact on natural resource consumption. Unsound engineeringsolutions, by comparison, may leave the environmentdepleted and society poorer over time.Lifecycle engineering takes into account the operational andmaintenance cost of the engineering solution proposed, suchthat the completed projects have effective and affordableoperational and maintenance regimes.Empowered engineering will take into account the capabilitiesof the local community, particularly its engineering andtechnical professions. Where possible, the solutionsdeveloped will involve local professional and technical staffand will establish an ongoing engineering and operationalresource.Appropriate engineering will consider various options thatmeet the engineering needs of the project, and may adopttechniques of labour-based construction, which differs significantlyfrom labour-intensive construction. The latter basicallysubstitutes men for machines whereas labour-basedconstruction aims to change the technology involved towhat is appropriate for manual labour.Figure 2: The ASPIRE model and tooArup, in partnership with Engineers Against Poverty, has developed a Sustainable Project Model – an integrated planning,monitoring and evaluation tool for assessing sustainability and poverty reduction performance for infrastructureprojects in developing countries. The tool is called ‘ASPIRE’ This work has been led from Arup International Development;a team formed to provide a centre of excellence for sustainable urban development and infrastructure indeveloping countries. The team provides a focal point for organizations, donors and public and private sectors to morereadily access the wealth of knowledge and technical expertise in the firm. The aim is to create dignified living and workingconditions, which are financially viable in the long-term, and provide people with real economic opportunities tohelp them fulfil their potential.ASPIRE is a software based toolfor assessing the sustainabilityof infrastructure projects whichrecognises poverty reduction as anoverarching objective. It providesa holistic appraisal frameworkencompassing the four keydimensions of environment, society,economics and institutions.Best caseWorst caseSOCIETYServices HealthStakeholders CultureVulnerability Structures SkillsPopulationEquityINSTITUTIONSLivelihoods Macro Viability Materials EnergyECONOMICSPolices ReportingAirLandWaterBiodiversityENVIRONMENT254
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UNESCO ReportEngineering:IssuesChal
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This landmark report on engineering
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Executive SummaryAn agenda for engi
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ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND
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Introductionto the Report
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INTRODUCTION© GFDL - Wikimedia - L
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1What is Engineering?
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?and awareness o
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?1.2 Engineers,
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2Engineering andHuman Development
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTth
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3Engineering:Emerging Issues and Ch
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7Engineering Capacity:Education, Tr
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APPENDICES9.1Engineering at UNESCO
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APPENDICES9.2Biographies of Contrib
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APPENDICESopment of software for in
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APPENDICESwas President of the Euro
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APPENDICESous career in higher educ
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APPENDICES2002 and has led the deve
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APPENDICESity engineering, and form
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APPENDICESKevin WallDr Kevin Wall i
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APPENDICES9.3List of acronyms abbre
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APPENDICESIAAMRHIACETICCICEICIDICSU
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