Engineering: issues, challenges and opportunities for development ...

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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDnology-led projects and pilot plans facilities. Improvement inthe assessment capabilities of banks to estimate risks in theknowledge economy is needed. Ways to encourage universityand other tertiary graduates to commercialize knowledge andcreate novel products and services are also vital elements in asuccessful domestic economy.Key strategic sreasAccordingly, the following strategic areas for engineers are crucialto set the Caribbean on a path of peace and prosperity:(i) Collection and use of vital national S&TinformationIn a knowledge-led world, information is the most importantcurrency. The market does not allow for proper flows of timelyinformation and, therefore, government must establish institutions,set policies and implement plans in order to ensure thatthe vital statistics of the countries are collected, analysed anddistributed to inform business development and social adjustments.Also, the Caribbean has to tap into regional and globalnetworks to follow technological trends, scientific developmentsand business and trade signals that may have significantimpact on local enterprises and cultural norms.The following initiatives are the minimum requirements tofulfill such purposes:■■Gather accurate information on what S&T skills, institutions,organizations and projects exist.Match this knowledge with the present industrial, manufacturing,service and social demands and thereby identifyand fill vital gaps.■ Establish performance criteria and standards to monitorand evaluate domestic S&T and engineering activities tohelp their progress and ensure optimum use of resource.■■Establish a review mechanism to permit national budgetingby performance, especially S&T activities within ministriesand main statutory bodies.Share tacit knowledge specific to the Caribbean situation,especially for the production of goods, services and recreation.(ii) Intelligence capabilitiesIntellectual capital is the development bedrock of nations andthis is fed by the development and analysis of domestic informationand the pursuit of knowledge from the global arena. Consequently,the importance of effective intelligence management topromote business expansion and vitality has never been greater.Policy and planning will require high quality social intelligencefrom a variety of quarters, if resources are to be allocated optimallyand development aims achieved in a timely fashion. Aninformation network that spans the globe is therefore of significanceto the local prospects for socio- economic development.This is especially so for small states like the Caribbean.The following objectives are therefore paramount:■■■Develop social intelligence networks, engaging missions,embassies and other bodies abroad.Train diplomats, politicians and other government officialsas well as trade union bosses and national leaders in S&Tcurrency and their impacts.Develop systems for local S&T intelligence to maximize collection,analysis, dissemination and feedback.(iii) Deepen and expand Information andCommunication Technology competenceInformatics and telecommunications are currently at the centreof the accelerated rate of globalization and increased productionand trade. These technologies were the results of scientific discoveries,which led to a range of practical developments includingelectricity, radio waves, the laser, the transistor, the WorldWide Web and the web browser. Their influences have beenprofound in almost all walks of life and already have providedeconomic benefits in states with high levels of diffusion, use andimprovement of these technologies, while countries that arelagging in this field are also being left behind in knowledge sharingand application. To make these technologies work for socioeconomicdevelopment, several factors are required including,liberalization and open competition, expanded infrastructures,balanced regulations, innovation in management and organization,and the use of these technologies in an increased numberof firms and institutions to improve production and marketing.Accordingly, widespread competence in this field is necessary toensure the ability to gain, share and use information constructivelythroughout the society. Areas where this competence isneeded in the Caribbean include enhancing information andcommunication technology policy and skills in:■■■■Software DevelopmentDesign and Hardware AssemblyCultural ProductServices for the main drivers of the economy (e.g. tourismand banking)(iv) Environmental preservationSocio- economic development will not be sustainable if environmentalprotection is not factored into the change process.This is especially true of the small tropical islands of the Carib-© Oliver Trash being loaded andcompacted in a landfill.245
ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT Effects of Hurricane Dean in2007.© Oliverbean which have a fragile ecology and growing population, aswell as transportation and industrialization pressures. To beable to strike a balance between economic development andhuman development, environmental protection using the bestlocal information is required, and this will depend on astutelydirected research and the creative use of its results leading tothe attainment, for example, of international standards. Thescience of biodiversity, biosafety and bioremediation accordinglywill become vital:Policy initiatives to ensure the minimum requirements for protectingthe environment and citizens must include:■■Improving R&D to reduce ecological pressures, as well as,address the exigencies of natural and man-made hazards,including droughts and floods.Setting up biosafety regulations and measures.■■Finding ways to successfully implement environmentalpreservation strategies.Introducing appropriate, more efficient and less pollutingfuels into the region’s energy mix could make a profounddifference.(iv) Technologies for coping with hazardsThe Caribbean is in a hazard-prone zone and subject to frequenthurricanes, flooding and earthquakes. The Caribbeanmust therefore pay critical attention to modern technologiessuch as material and nano-technologies to improve the selectionof sites, the suitability of material and the cost of construction.More affordable and safer housing for much of the populationis an urgent requirement. The island must therefore dothe following:■■■Improving building code.Providing information to effect a balance between constructionand agriculture.Zoning to ensure that flatter, more suitable lands arereserved for agriculture.■■Conduct a survey of the various construction materialand technologies that are available for building in tropicalzones.Create awareness among R&D institutions of the opportunitiesfor work in this area. Foster a greater engagement ofprofessional societies in these endeavours.¢ ARUP246
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UNESCO ReportEngineering:IssuesChal
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This landmark report on engineering
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Executive SummaryAn agenda for engi
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ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND
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Introductionto the Report
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INTRODUCTION© GFDL - Wikimedia - L
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1What is Engineering?
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?and awareness o
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?1.2 Engineers,
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2Engineering andHuman Development
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3Engineering:Emerging Issues and Ch
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7Engineering Capacity:Education, Tr
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APPENDICES9.1Engineering at UNESCO
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APPENDICES9.2Biographies of Contrib
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APPENDICESopment of software for in
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APPENDICESous career in higher educ
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APPENDICESKevin WallDr Kevin Wall i
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APPENDICES9.3List of acronyms abbre
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