Engineering: issues, challenges and opportunities for development ...

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ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENTTable 7: Percentage Distribution of Tertiary-Level Enrolled Students, by Engineering Subfield, 1998 and 2005 -Europe/ OECD - Selected Countries118TotalEngineering& Eng.Trades1998 2005Manufacturing& ProcessingArchitecture& BuildingTotalEngineering& Eng.TradesManufacturing& ProcessingArchitecture& BuildingAlbania ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Austria ... ... ... ... 100,0 55,0 10,4 34,6Belgium ... ... ... ... 100,0 62,1 1,1 36,8Bulgaria 100,0 88,6 8,8 2,6 100,0 79,7 8,9 11,4Croatia ... ... ... ... 100,0 58,3 17,2 24,6Cyprus ... ... ... ... 100,0 74,6 0,0 25,4Czech Republic 100,0 60,4 15,4 24,2 100,0 63,8 11,1 25,2Denmark 100,0 42,0 9,9 48,2 100,0 59,8 6,3 33,9Estonia 100,0 52,6 24,4 23,0 100,0 49,1 17,3 33,6Finland 98,7 76,1 8,1 14,5 98,6 81,6 5,3 11,7France ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Germany 100,0 57,9 3,4 38,8 100,0 67,9 5,1 26,9Greece ... ... ... ... 100,0 31,7 47,3 21,0Hungary 100,0 75,0 8,3 16,7 100,0 69,1 10,4 20,4Iceland 96,6 57,3 15,1 24,1 100,0 61,4 3,3 35,2Ireland 100,0 54,4 15,9 29,6 100,0 48,0 7,6 44,3Italy 100,0 69,9 2,6 27,5 100,0 59,3 4,4 36,2Latvia 100,0 93,4 4,0 2,6 100,0 55,7 11,4 32,9Liechtenstein ... ... ... ... 100,0 0,0 0,0 100,0Lithuania 100,0 59,2 18,5 22,3 100,0 65,3 10,9 23,8Luxembourg (Grand-Duché) 100,0 55,8 0,0 44,2 ... ... ... ...Macedonia ... ... ... ... 100,0 58,6 23,1 18,3Malta ... ... ... ... 100,0 54,0 0,0 46,0Netherlands 100,0 61,2 5,5 33,3 100,0 55,4 4,7 39,9Norway 100,0 76,0 4,6 19,3 98,4 66,6 4,9 27,0Poland 98,2 68,8 12,0 17,4 97,4 63,6 11,2 22,5Portugal 100,0 60,4 7,5 32,1 100,0 59,5 5,4 35,1Romania 100,0 57,8 39,5 2,6 100,0 72,8 21,8 5,3Slovakia 100,0 63,2 13,7 23,1 100,0 66,3 9,6 24,2Slovenia 100,0 63,8 14,5 21,8 100,0 51,8 23,3 24,9Spain 100,0 65,8 4,2 30,0 100,0 66,3 5,0 28,7Sweden 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 81,0 2,9 16,1Switzerland ... ... ... ... 100,0 66,3 3,3 30,4Turkey ... ... ... ... 100,0 63,6 20,5 16,0United Kingdom ... ... ... 26,0 100,0 56,2 9,2 34,6United States ... ... ... ... 100,0 70,3 20,4 9,3Japan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Source: Eurostat
AN OVERVIEW OF ENGINEERINGTable 8: Percentage Distribution of Tertiary-Level Graduates, by Engineering Subfield, 1998 and 2005 - Europe/ OECD -Selected CountriesTotalEngineering& Eng.Trades1998 2005Manufacturing& ProcessingArchitecture& BuildingTotalEngineering& Eng.TradesManufacturing& ProcessingArchitecture& BuildingAlbania ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Austria 62,6 34,7 15,3 12,5 100,0 62,5 12,6 24,9Belgium ... ... ... ... 100,0 67,0 2,8 30,3Bulgaria 100,0 84,4 7,0 8,6 100,0 82,3 9,7 8,0Croatia ... ... ... ... 100,0 59,2 15,7 25,0Cyprus ... ... ... ... 100,0 75,8 3,0 21,2Czech Republic 100,0 60,8 14,4 24,8 100,0 66,0 11,7 22,4Denmark 100,0 61,4 6,2 32,3 100,0 54,3 10,6 35,2Estonia 100,0 58,5 17,4 24,1 100,0 56,1 21,4 22,4Finland 100,0 72,2 8,8 19,0 98,4 82,1 5,4 10,9France ... ... 1,3 0,2 89,6 67,7 8,4 13,5Germany 100,0 62,4 6,4 31,3 100,0 64,5 6,3 29,2Greece ... ... ... ... 100,0 58,9 8,5 32,6Hungary 100,0 65,1 13,1 21,8 100,0 61,1 18,1 20,9Iceland 97,5 45,7 17,3 34,6 100,0 61,9 3,0 35,1Ireland 100,0 47,3 13,3 39,4 100,0 56,1 7,1 36,9Italy 100,0 66,1 2,5 31,4 100,0 66,7 4,5 28,8Latvia 100,0 89,3 7,5 3,2 100,0 60,9 10,9 28,2Liechtenstein ... ... ... ... 100,0 0,0 0,0 100,0Lithuania 100,0 57,1 22,4 20,5 100,0 59,3 14,9 25,8Luxembourg (Grand-Duché) 100,0 61,1 ... 38,9 ... ... ... ...Macedonia 100,0 63,2 19,8 17,0 100,0 58,6 25,3 16,1Malta 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 90,1 0,0 9,9Netherlands 100,0 66,8 5,9 27,3 93,8 51,6 4,4 37,9Norway 100,0 78,4 4,5 17,1 100,0 61,5 3,2 35,3Poland 97,1 68,5 13,9 14,8 97,5 64,1 12,0 21,4Portugal 100,0 61,8 5,4 32,8 100,0 56,4 10,4 33,4Romania 100,0 54,8 42,6 2,6 100,0 73,7 18,5 7,8Slovakia 100,0 57,1 17,0 25,9 100,0 65,8 8,8 25,4Slovenia 100,0 78,4 9,3 12,3 100,0 56,9 21,1 22,0Spain 100,0 67,9 4,7 27,4 100,0 71,1 6,3 22,5Sweden 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 81,6 3,8 14,6Switzerland ... ... ... ... 100,0 56,8 25,7 17,5Turkey ... ... ... ... 100,0 63,3 21,5 15,2United Kingdom ... ... ... ... 100,0 54,9 8,9 36,2United States 100,0 86,0 7,0 6,9 100,0 66,6 14,9 18,5Japan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Source: Eurostat119
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UNESCO ReportEngineering:IssuesChal
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This landmark report on engineering
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Executive SummaryAn agenda for engi
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ENGINEERING: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND
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Introductionto the Report
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INTRODUCTION© GFDL - Wikimedia - L
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1What is Engineering?
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?and awareness o
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?1.2 Engineers,
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2Engineering andHuman Development
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTth
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTwi
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTin
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTMo
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT2.
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTre
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT2.
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTa
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTIn
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTTh
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ENGINEERING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENTke
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3Engineering:Emerging Issues and Ch
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ENGINEERING: EMERGING ISSUES AND CH
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5Engineering around the world
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDnationa
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDwere ta
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDare nee
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLD5.3Coun
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDand res
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDof addi
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDevolvin
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLD■■
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDdissati
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDing tec
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDFosteri
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDneers a
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDGerman
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDTable 1
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDAfter t
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDence, e
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLD■ Pro
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDBrazilL
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDAs the
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ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLDnology-
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6Engineering for Development:Applic
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ENGINEERING FOR DEVELOPMENT: APPLIC
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7Engineering Capacity:Education, Tr
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ENGINEERING CAPACITY: EDUCATION, TR
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APPENDICES9.1Engineering at UNESCO
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APPENDICES9.2Biographies of Contrib
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APPENDICESopment of software for in
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APPENDICESwas President of the Euro
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APPENDICESous career in higher educ
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APPENDICES2002 and has led the deve
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APPENDICESity engineering, and form
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APPENDICESKevin WallDr Kevin Wall i
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APPENDICES9.3List of acronyms abbre
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APPENDICESIAAMRHIACETICCICEICIDICSU
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APPENDICESUNCSTDUNCTADUNDPUNEPUNESC
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APPENDICES212, 213, 214, 215, 217,
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