Experimental investigation of the spirit manifestations, [electronic ...

382 OF MATTER, MIND, AND SPIRIT.manner of atoms or particles which are endowed with polarity, so thatwhen the opposite poles are in proximity, there is neutralization : repulsion,and disturbance, when similar poles are approximated. This being premised,the allegation may be intelligible, that when bodies are electrified,the poles of the component atoms or particles are conceived to be derangedfrom their natural position of reciprocal neutralization, so that they reactwith exterior bodies, disturbing the poles of their constituent particles,and thus electrifying them by induction.1864. This abnormal state of disturbance, is conceived to be producedon glass or resin, or any electric, when duly subjected to friction.1865. Thus when in an electric machine a vitreous surface is rubbedby a leather cushion, the particles both of the leather and glass surfaces arederanfrcd from their natural state of reciprocalneutralization, and presenttheir poles in an active state, and the glass surface, moving through theethereal medium, (812) polarizes it as it passes, the ether resuming itsnormal state till the ethereal atmosphere over the conductor is reached.that it imparts durable polarity ; the metallic superficies of the conductortaking the opposite state, so that the charge is retained until the glass goesto and returns from the cushion, with a farther supply of polarity.1866. The charges of polarization received by the plates at each succeedingrevolution of the plate or cylinder, is divided with the etherealatmosphere over the conductor, and this process is reiterated till the frictionalpower has accomplished its maximum effect. Then the conductoris said to be charged positively, according to the theory of one fluid, andvitreously, according to that of Dufay, or the theory of two fluids.ToMeanwhile,if the cushion communicates duly with an insulated conductor, aprocess perfectly analogous to that just described has been charging thatconductor, pari ^;ass», with the one first mentioned. By these means wehave two excited or charged conductors.1867. If, before charging these conquerors, two scalps of hair be severallysituated on them, it will be perceived that, as the charging proceeds,the hairs on each of the scalps rise, and endeavour to keep away from eachother. But, meanwhile, the whole of the hair on either is attracted bythat on the other conductor.Moreover, on touching both conductors withany metallic rod, simultaneously, the whole of the excitement disappears,and the hairs assume their normal position.1868. In producing this discharge, iron is not more efi"ective than anyother metal. It is, in fact, known to be less competent for this species ofconduction, than copper, silver,or gold.1869. When the conductors are excited they have a powerful efi'ectupon gold leaves, suspended as in the electrometer.1870. The state of the conductors, when excited, as described here, issaid to be static. Such a state of excitement is distinguished as a staticalcharge of electricity.