Experimental investigation of the spirit manifestations, [electronic ...

442 APPENDIX.high extent, the only merit to which any theory can make an indisputableclaim : 1 mean that of associating facts so as to make them more easy tocomprehend and to remember, enabling us, by analogy, to foresee results,and thus affording a clue in our investigations. Evidently, the author ofthis theory was guided by it in his higlily interesting and instructive contrivances;and Professor Henry ascribes his success in improving theelectro-magnet to the theoretic clue which he had received from Ampere.15. Nevertheless, the postulates on which this Amperean hypothesis isfounded appear to me unreasonable. They require us to concede thatabout every atom of a permanent magnet a process is going on analogousto that generally admitted to exist in a galvanic circuit, where two fluidspass each other in a common channel by a series of decompositions andrecompositions, (7.) In the galvanic circuit this process is sustained bychemical reaction ; but without any coenduring cause, how is it to be sustainedpermanently in a magnet? Is it reasonable to assume that theheterogeneous constituents of an imaginary tertium quid are perpetuallyseparating only to reunite ? (8.)*16. In cases of complex affinity, where four particles, AB C D are unitedinto two compounds A B, C D, it is easy to conceive that, in obedienceto a stronger affinity, A shall combine with C, and B with D : but, withoutany extraneous agency, wherefore, in any one compound, should a particleA quit a particle B, in order to unite with another particle of thesame kind ; or wherefore should any one B quit one A, in order to combinewith another A ?17. That such a process should take place in consequence of the inductiveagency of a similar process already established in a magnet or galvanizedwire were difficult to believe ; but it would seem utterly incrediblethat the most transient influence of such induction should be productiveof such permanent electrolytic gyration as has been above specified. Moreover,it is inconceivable that the particles of any matter should, as requiredby this hypothesis, merely hy heing ynit into motion, acquire a power ofreciprocal repulsion or attraction of which it were otherwise destitute.18. The vortices being assumed to take place about each atom, cannotseverally occupy an area of greater diameter than can exist between thecentres of any two atoms. Of course, the gyratory force exercised aboutthe surface of a magnet by the aggregate movements of the vortices cannotextend beyond the surface more than half the diameter of one of theminute areas of gyration alluded to. Wherefore, then, do these gyrations,when similar in direction, from their concurrence approach each other;when dissimilar in direction, from contrariety move away, even whensituated comparatively at a great distance ?19. I should consider Ampere's theory as more reasonable were itfounded upon the existence of one fluid; since, in that case, vorticesmight be imagined without the necessity of supposing an endless and unaccountableseparation and reunion of two sets of particles; not onlydevoid of any property capable of sustaining their alleged opposite gyrations,but actually endowed with an intense reciprocal attraction whichmust render such gyrations impossible. But even if grounded on the ideaof one fluid, this celebrated hypothesis does not seem to me to account for•••In some clcctro-maguetic apparatus, the polarity of an electro-magnet is reversed morethan 100 times in a second.