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Experimental investigation of the spirit manifestations, [electronic ...

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450 APPENDIX.in one circuit, <strong>the</strong> energy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> effort to discharge, and <strong>the</strong> velocity <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> consequent undulations must be, caeteria paribus, as <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> memberswhich co-operate to produce <strong>the</strong> discharge. Of course <strong>the</strong> more active<strong>the</strong> ethcrco-pondcrable waves, <strong>the</strong> greater must be <strong>the</strong>ir efficacy in producinge<strong>the</strong>real waves <strong>of</strong> polarization, as a secondary effect, agreeably to <strong>the</strong>suggestions above made, (49, 30.)51. Hence, in a battery consisting <strong>of</strong> one galvanic pair excited by reagents<strong>of</strong> great chemical energy and conducting power, <strong>the</strong> electro-magneticeffects are pre-eminent; while Do Luc's electric columns, consisting <strong>of</strong>several thousands <strong>of</strong> minute pairs, feeble as to <strong>the</strong>ir chemical and conductingefficacy, are pre-eminent for statical spark-giving power, (48.) Thisseems to be quite consistent; since, on <strong>the</strong> one hand, <strong>the</strong> waves <strong>of</strong> polarizationmust be larger and slower as <strong>the</strong> pairs arc bigger and fewer ; and, on<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, smaller and more active as <strong>the</strong> pairs are more minute andmore numerous.On <strong>the</strong> perfect similitude between <strong>the</strong> Polaritj/ communicated to IronFilings by a Magnetized Steel Bar and a Galvanized Wire.52. If by a sieve, or any o<strong>the</strong>r means, iron filings be duly strewed overa paper, resting on a bar magnet, <strong>the</strong>y will all become magnets, so as toarrange <strong>the</strong>mselves in rows like <strong>the</strong> links <strong>of</strong> a chain. Each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> littlemagnets thus created will, at its outermost end, have a polarity similar tothat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pole (<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnet) with which it may be affiliated. Of course<strong>the</strong> resulting ferruginous rows formed severally by <strong>the</strong> two diff"erent<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bar will have polarities as opposite as those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> said poles.poles53. In an analogous mode, if two wires be made <strong>the</strong> media <strong>of</strong> a galvanicdischarge, iron filings, under <strong>the</strong>ir influence, will receive a magneticpolarity, arranging <strong>the</strong>mselves about each wire like so many tangents to asmany radii proceeding from its axis : those magnetized by one wirereacting with such as are magnetized by <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r.54. The affections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ferruginous particles during <strong>the</strong> continuance<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current so called are precisely like those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same particles whenunder <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bar magnet. The great discordancy is in <strong>the</strong>factthat <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnet is permanent, while that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wireis indebted for existence to a series <strong>of</strong> oppositely polarizing but transientimpulses which proceed toward <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> circuit from each side,so as to produce reciprocal neutralization by meeting midway.55. The effect upon <strong>the</strong> filings, as originally pointed out by Oersted, isprecisely such as would arise were <strong>the</strong> ponderable matter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wire, resolvedby each impulse into innumerable little magnets, situated so as t<strong>of</strong>orm tangents to as many radii proceeding from <strong>the</strong> axis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wire.5G. Independently <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> filings, <strong>the</strong> wires react with each o<strong>the</strong>r as if<strong>the</strong>ir constitution, during subjection to <strong>the</strong> discharge, were such as abovesupposed. AVhen <strong>the</strong> discharges through <strong>the</strong>m concur in direction, <strong>the</strong>yattract, because <strong>the</strong> left side <strong>of</strong> one is next <strong>the</strong> right side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r,bringing <strong>the</strong> opposite poles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir little magnets into proximity ; butwhen <strong>the</strong> discharge is made in opposite directions, <strong>the</strong> two right or<strong>the</strong> two left sides will be in proximity, and will, by <strong>the</strong> consequent approximation<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> similar poles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> little magnets, be productive <strong>of</strong>repulsion.57. From <strong>the</strong>se last-mentioned facts and considerations, it must be evi

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