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178 T. Abdullah et al. A consumer/producer node finds its responsible matchmaker node with the provided information after joining the ad hoc grid. In case there is only one matchmaker in the ad hoc grid then it becomes the responsible matchmaker for all the consumer/producer nodes. The consumer/producer node can submit request/offer to the matchmaker node after finding the responsible matchmaker node. Each matchmaker node maintains matchmaking status information (active/inactive) about its predecessor and successor matchmaker nodes, after joining. The matchmaker does so by exchanging matchmaking status information with its successor and predecessor nodes. 4 The Neighborhood on the Infrastructural Continuum In this section, we explain the degree of neighborhood of a node on the following points of an infrastructural spectrum that ranges from completely centralized to completely decentralized extremes. In order to explore the difference in resource allocation efficiency between the completely centralized and the completely decentralized (P2P) approaches, we introduce the notion of neighborhood. The degree of neighborhood of a node defines the visibility region of a node by defining the number of nodes accessible from that node. We explain the degree of neighborhood of node on the following points on an infrastructural spectrum: – Completely Centralized Approach – Multiple Adaptive Matchmakers Approach – Completely Decentralized (P2P) Approach In the completely centralized approach, with a single matchmaker, all consumer/producer nodes (see Section-3.1) send their resource requests or resource 48 46 63 MM 1 32 30 15 17 63 MM0 1 Fig. 1. Neighborhood on the infrastructural spectrum. (a) Completely centralized. (b) Multiple adaptive matchmakers. 48 MM3 46 32 30 15 MM1 17
47 46 45 44 43 Effect of the Degree of Neighborhood on Resource Discovery 179 62 63 0 1 2 32 (a) 30 14 15 16 17 18 46 44 63 0 61 62 1 2 3 Fig. 2. Neighborhood on the infrastructural spectrum. (a) Completely decentralized degree=4. (b) Completely decentralized degree=6. offers to the matchmaker. The matchmaker finds matches for resource requests from received resource offers and informs the matched consumer/producer nodes. As all participating consumer/producer nodes can send their request/offer message to the matchmaker only, therefore the neighborhood of a consumer/ producer node is n (n being the total number of the nodes in the ad hoc grid). This is represented in Figure-1a, where there is only one matchmaker. In the multiple adaptive matchmakers approach, an intermediate centralized approach using multiple adaptive matchmakers, each consumer/producer node is under the responsibility of one matchmaker at any given point in time. The matchmaker is demoted or promoted according to the workload of the matchmaker(s) in the ad hoc grid. Then number of matchmaker(s) and the responsible matchmaker of a consumer/producer node may also change by the promotion/demotion of the matchmaker(s) [12]. As each consumer/producer node is under the responsibility of only one matchmaker at any given point in time, therefore the neighborhood of a consumer/producer nodes is n/m (n being the total number of the participating nodes and m being the number of matchmakers). This is represented in Figure 1b, where multiple matchmakers are represented with different colors and the consumer/producer nodes in each zone are represented by the color of their responsible matchmaker. In the completely decentralized (P2P) approach, where every node is its own matchmaker, each node looks for the appropriate resources from all the nodes in its degree of neighborhood. The ad hoc grid is implemented on top of Pastry [15], a structured P2P overlay network. The degree of neighborhood of a node is implemented and varied with the help of Pastry node’s leaf set [15] in our ad hoc grid, which is explained below. We consider a Pastry node with nodeID x for explaining the degree of neighborhood in the ad hoc grid. Each node in Pastry is assigned a 128 bits unique 48 47 45 43 42 32 (b) 30 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5
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Volume Editors Christian Müller-Sc
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General Chair Organization Christia
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Organization IX Hartmut Schmeck Kar
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Keynote Table of Contents HyVM - Hy
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Table of Contents XIII JetBench:AnO
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How to Enhance a Superscalar Proces
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4 J. Mische et al. The Real-time Vi
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244 F. Xudong et al. 5 Related Work
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Abdullah, Tariq 174 Alima, Luc Onan
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