Architecture of Computing Systems (Lecture Notes in Computer ...

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40 P. Bellasi, W. Fornaciari, and D. Siorpaes Execution Context Distributed Agreement Manager Device Local Control Affects QoS Requirements FSC local policy Applications Libraries Buses Influences Framework PSM/ASM global policy local policy DWR Driver Driver DWR Device Platform Code Device Key: piece of information device/tool abstraction information flow Fig. 1. A bird-eye-view of the proposed system-wide control architecture. The main system components are represented by platform code, drivers and the optimization framework code itself. These components either define or use some entities: Systemwide Metrics (ASM/PSM), Device Working Modes (DWR) and Feasible System Configurations (FSC). Policies are both locally and globally defined and are implemented as modular components and can be changed at runtime. abstract a real platform and to model that abstraction, thus getting a platform independent system description. The last layer use this description to build an efficient and portable optimization strategy. A representation of these layers, their components and the relationships among them is depicted in Fig. 2. The Abstraction Layer provides a suitable abstraction for: resources, architecture and devices. System resources, regardless of their nature either hardware (e.g., frequencies) or not (e.g., latencies), are represented by the concept of “System Wide Metrics” (SWM). The “metrics” term was chosen to remark their numerical interpretation within the model abstraction: SWMs represents the possible optimization objectives. Thus, the set of all available SWMs defines a “System-Wide Configuration Space” (SWCS) which can be explored to search the optimal configuration. The architecture abstraction, satisfying the ’fine-detail’ requirement, allows to represent some platform specific details within the model. This is achieved by specializing the SWM into: “Abstract System- Wide Metric” (ASM) and “Platform System-Wide Metric” (PSM). Theformer are abstract metrics, which can be exposed to user-space without compromising solution portability, while the latter are platform specific metrics, that allow
Hierarchical Distributed Control of Power and Performances 41 Operating System Abstraction Layer User−space Key: Local Optimization policies Optimal System−Wide Configuration Global Optimization policies Optimization Layer QoS Requirements Resource Manager Devices Drivers Platform Code Working Region FSC Model Layer Silicon and Architectural mechanisms PSM ASM CPM Core: − FSC Identification − FSC Ordering − FSC Selection Tasks abstraction/modelling piece of information device or tool flow of information Fig. 2. A real computing system, with many different devices and applications, is so complex that it is not convenient to model all this complexity in order to solve the consumption and performances optimization problem. Therefore we perform an abstraction and modeling to properly support the optimization technique. the framework to consider target system details (e.g., devices dependencies). Finally, each device in the system is described within the model by a set of “Device Working Region” (DWR). A device generally can have different WMs, which correspond to different resources usage and supported QoS. WMs could be as simple as ’device on’ and ’device off’, or even more complex such as all the different operating frequencies of a CPU or the different connection protocols supported by a 3G modem. What exactly are the WMs of a device is defined by the corresponding driver. Thus, a DWR is an abstract representation of a device WM and it is defined by a set of ranges on each SWM which is sensible for the considered device. A device is “sensible” to a SWM if any change of its value can imply a reconfiguration of the device and vice versa. In instance, a DVFS driver for the control of the processor clock frequency is sensible to a SWM like ’CPU Frequency’. The Model Layer takes as input the information representing the system resources and capabilities, exploiting the abstraction defined in the lower layer, and generates as output an architecture independent representation of all the
Page 2 and 3: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5
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90 J.-P. Steghöfer et al. mechanis
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Exploiting Inactive Rename Slots fo
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128 M. Kayaalp et al. In a supersca
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130 M. Kayaalp et al. INSTRUCTION 1
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132 M. Kayaalp et al. time. Alterna
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Efficient Transaction Nesting in Ha
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142 Y. Liu et al. rollback T0 begin
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148 Y. Liu et al. decreases, partia
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Decentralized Energy-Management to
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152 B. Becker et al. Furthermore, t
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154 B. Becker et al. An optimizing
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156 B. Becker et al. smart-home man
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160 B. Becker et al. Power [W] 4500
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EnergySaving Cluster Roll: Power Sa
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172 M.F. Dolz et al. at the inactiv
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Effect of the Degree of Neighborhoo
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242 F. Xudong et al. Speedup 14 12
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244 F. Xudong et al. 5 Related Work
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Abdullah, Tariq 174 Alima, Luc Onan
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