THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG

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Appendix C. Fact files about Kakamega Forest, Kisere and Malave Reserves Forest officially covers 240kms square but only 40kms square are densely forested, largely because of clear felling for plantations; Biodiversity: 380 species of flora, 330 species of birds, variety of mammals including 11 species of primates. Up to 20% of Kakamega’s animal species are found nowhere else in Kenya; Resource: local people collect medicinal plants, honey, firewood, building material and Water It is estimated that the forest could be completely destroyed within 20 years. • Cattle grazing • encroachment Action: - list compiled by KFWG & EAWLS - who is doing what - proposed excision but not degazetted - Kakamega Biodiversity Action...currently implanting educational programme - Any monitoring going on? - 400a given to Nyayo Tea Zone KFWG Minute 45/3/99: • Volunteer technical team to address the issues has attracted four people • PRA undertaken by Resource Projects in Kakamega and Vihiga Districts. Get to know the history of the forest, perception of the community, relationship between community and govt. & develop recommendations for the future of the forest. Eg. Maragoli, the problem started when license to carry out selective harvesting was given to outsiders. The locals then stormed the forest to clear fell. In Ilundi Hills of Kakamega, harvesting is still going on resulting in open areas for grazing. • Workshops involving representative groups from the different sections of the forest, local administration and FD (they pulled out) will be organised. Later, this process will bring in the DDCs of both districts and then the local community to determine the way forward. • Publication “The Way” focusing on Western region. This will be very useful in disseminating info and issues on the forest. • Contact: Wilberforce Okeka, guide and coordinator of Kakamega Environmental Education Programme (KEEP) • 12/9/96 -28199ha ,600 ha lost due to illegal activities. Cost of re-afforesting of 1 ha is 10000 Kshs Kisere Forest Reserve • North of Kakamega, Kisere covers only 471ha. Was once connected to Kakamega • Since 1984, has been under the protection of KWS • Suffers little from degredation and never been commercially logged • High biodiversity including de Brazza’s monkey • Problems: cattle grazing in the glades in the north, and small scale illegal timber removal. • Contact: Mr. Nixon Sagita, guide based at Buyangu Malava Forest Reserave • fallen from 150,000ha to 20,000ha • 330 bird species, rich biodiversity. • Jan, 50-75a lost per day • almost no logging. Mainly settlement • main forest: 12,000ha gazetted, 6,000ha not.62 • some excisions • faces mass erosion 238
Appendix D. Bibliographic schedule of policies and legislation The Agriculture Act, Chapter 318, Revised Edition 1986 (1980). The Antiquities & Monuments Act, Cap. 215 of 1984 The Chief’s Authority Act, Cap. 128 of 1970 (revised 1988) The Coast Development Authority (Cap. 449). The Constitution of Kenya The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995. The Constitutional Review Act, 1998 The Environment coordination and Management Act The Environment and development Sessional paper No 6 The Ewaso Ng’iro North River Basin Development Authority (448); The Ewaso Ng’iro South River Basin Development Authority (Cap. 447); The Fisheries Act, Cap. 378 of 1989 The Forest Policy (1968) The Forest Policy (1994) The Forests Act, Chapter 385 (revised 1982) The Forest Bill 2005 The Forest Act 2005 The Government Lands Act, Cap. 280, (revised 1984) The Kerio Valley Development Authority (Cap. 441) The Kakamega District Strategic Plan on Environment The Kakamega District Working paper on environment and development The Lake Basin Development Authority (Cap. 442) The Land (Group Representatives) Act (Cap. 287) of 1968 (revised 1970) The Land Adjudication Act Cap. 284 of 1968 (revised 1977), The Land Planning Act, Cap. 303 The Local Government Act, Cap. 265 (revised 1986) The Mining Act, Cap. 306 of 1940 (revised 1987) The Physical Planning Act The Registered Land Act, Cap. 300 of 1985 (revised 1989) The Tana Athi Rivers Development Authority (Cap. 443); The Timber Act, Cap. 386 of 1972 The Trespass Act, Cap 294 of 1963 (revised 1982) The Trust land Act (Cap. 288) of 1962 (revised 1970), The Water Act, Cap. 372 of 1951 (revised 1972) The Water Policy, 1999 The Wildlife (Conservation and Management) Act, Chapter 376, Revised Edition 1985 (1977). The Draft Forest Bill, 1998 The Environmental Management and Co-ordination Bill, 1999 The Land Adjudication Amendment Bill, 1999 239
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INSTITUTIONAL DILEMMAS IN TROPICAL
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Dedication This work is dedicated i
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7.4 COLLECTIVE COMMUNITY ACTION AND
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UNDP United Nations Development Pro
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1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction Ken
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are mediated into the national poli
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Giddens notes that linking agency a
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foreign exchange controls made the
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and to preserve the different fores
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Map 2: Landsat ETM+ (7) satellite i
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egimes. 46 Yet national regimes gov
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Institutions and Institutionalism:
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learn that in practice, the definit
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The above revelations show the disc
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technologies. This kind of thinking
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The social movement’s notion arti
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1.8 Methodology The choice of resea
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Sources of data Data for this study
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knowledge, opinions, notions in rel
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2 Theoretical Considerations 2.1 In
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opposed to particularistic in the i
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constraints have to be applicable t
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process is a product of both extern
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position also influences actors’
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to a specific choice problem, which
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communications and authority relati
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the subsequent lack of general or s
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generally. Historical institutional
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can have remarkable consequences at
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myths and ceremonies devised by man
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In light of the above postulation,
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among inter ethnic relations. 273 D
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also important for maintaining the
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what sort of environment is left fo
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Rittberger called it “institution
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of governance. 314 For instance, fo
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and his claims. Hence it is the fun
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trees, food resources, warmth or ab
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environmental externality function
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Wear observes that the enhancement
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4 Biodiversity, local decentralisat
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officials found to have dished out
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national level. At the local level
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declared a ban on felling indigenou
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4.2 Institutionalism, local decentr
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iodiversity change been altered, bu
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We shall use the term participation
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known as community forest user grou
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1960s and early 1970s in Europe and
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upholding of the social values and
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The social-cognitive dimension can
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as goods and certain services, and
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In summary, in this chapter we have
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This is compouded by glowing struct
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the Constitution. The Constitutiona
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far as ownership is concerned. As a
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maximum spring discharge level. 501
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During pre-colonial times, issues o
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whose boundaries could not be alter
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Although Kenya’s policy and legal
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egeneration thereof or biodiversity
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marine and fresh water resources an
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In addition, the director of Agricu
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Gottfried suggested that natural re
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Based on the review and analysis of
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Furthermore, issues of monitoring a
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players, especially given the role
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household was 6. Adults are here de
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eadily available for the researcher
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It is imperative to appreciate that
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tragedy for the entire household, c
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Table 6.6 Why persons are named aft
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the extreme lowland side, the area
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on the forest biodiversity is neith
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settling around the Mount Elgon are
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concluding the ceremonies with the
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Gender, cropping systems and labour
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ural livelihoods, it became the foc
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espondent said that they planted su
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Like we have earlier noted, most of
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When asked how such people (Custodi
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7 Historical and Sociological Insti
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Biodiversity and customary law in K
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education and a majority of social
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Put in the context of Kakamega, it
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with one of the Tirirki elders, the
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places, there was an array of reaso
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Further still, it was discovered th
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7.4 Collective community action and
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development of various community re
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Other scholars in the area of prope
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for instance, where common property
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8 Summary and Conclusions 8.1 Recap
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Conclusions The overall objective o
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already exits within the Luhya reso
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sense, the community conserved area
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management such as Kakamega, these
Page 195 and 196: We have already indicated that like
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Page 201 and 202: The wider and long-term implication
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Page 205 and 206: 8.5 Summary The findings that have
Page 207 and 208: initial conditions, path dependence
Page 209 and 210: References BOOKS Adrian, P. 2003. T
Page 211 and 212: Downs, R. E. and S. P. Reyna. 1988.
Page 213 and 214: Kanyinga, K. 1994. Ethnicity, Patro
Page 215 and 216: Neisser, U. 1967. Cognitive Psychol
Page 217 and 218: Strathern, M. 2000. Environments wi
Page 219 and 220: Reardon, T and Vosti, S. A. 1995. L
Page 221 and 222: Krhoda, G. 1998. What Ails Kenya's
Page 223 and 224: Strathern, M. 1996. Potential Prope
Page 225 and 226: Colchester, M. 2003. Conservation P
Page 227 and 228: Murombedzi, J. 1998. The Evolving C
Page 229 and 230: Newspapers The Daily Nation Karura
Page 231 and 232: List of Figures and Maps Map 1 Map
Page 233 and 234: Response Codes Snakes Monkeys Frogs
Page 235 and 236: Section 3. Usage and management for
Page 237 and 238: Code How often are such ceremonies
Page 239 and 240: Section 5. Management of local know
Page 241 and 242: Code Who is responsible for growing
Page 243 and 244: Appendix B. Schedule of organizatio
Page 245: The interviews focused on the confl
Page 249: Versicherung Ich versichere, dass i
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