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MAGICAL MEDICINE: HOW TO MAKE AN ILLNESS ... - Invest in ME

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17<br />

In January 2003 the wife of Richard Senior died of <strong>ME</strong>/CFS; the North Wales Coroner entered CFS as the<br />

cause of death on the death certificate.<br />

On 4 th July 2005 Casey Fero died of <strong>ME</strong>/CFS at the age of 23 <strong>in</strong> the US. The autopsy showed viral <strong>in</strong>fection of<br />

the heart muscle. The pathologist was shocked at the state of Casey’s heart, which showed fibrosis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicat<strong>in</strong>g the presence of a long‐stand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>fection.<br />

In November 2005 Sophia Mirza died of <strong>ME</strong>/CFS <strong>in</strong> the UK and the death certificate of 19 th June 2006 gives<br />

CFS as the cause of death, with acute renal failure.<br />

Another UK death from <strong>ME</strong>/CFS occurred <strong>in</strong> May 2008 when a severely affected and courageous woman<br />

died <strong>in</strong> the North of England; her death certificate gives “Myalgic encephalomyelitis” as the cause of death.<br />

Evidence from autopsies of people who have died from <strong>ME</strong>/CFS is chill<strong>in</strong>g. In Sophia Mirza’s case (a 32<br />

year old woman sectioned by psychiatrists who alleged that she was suffer<strong>in</strong>g from a mental disorder so she<br />

was kept <strong>in</strong> a locked ward and, accord<strong>in</strong>g to her mother’s evidence, denied basic care), there was evidence<br />

of severe <strong>in</strong>flammation throughout 75% of her sp<strong>in</strong>al cord. This was one of three such autopsies spoken<br />

about by Dr Abhijit Chaudhuri at the Royal Society of Medic<strong>in</strong>e meet<strong>in</strong>g on 11 th July 2009 (see below).<br />

A 2005 autopsy <strong>in</strong> the US showed oedema of the lower limbs; the alveolar spaces of the lungs were filled<br />

with <strong>in</strong>flammatory cells and there were small emboli scattered throughout the arteries; there was marked<br />

congestion of the liver and spleen; the bowel was ischaemic; there was mild <strong>in</strong>flammation of the kidneys;<br />

there was also evidence of rhabdomyolysis (the breakdown of muscle fibres result<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the release of<br />

muscle fibre contents <strong>in</strong>to the circulation, some of which are toxic to the kidney); the bladder showed a<br />

hyperplastic epithelium; the thyroid showed colloid filled follicles, with scattered dystrophic calcifications<br />

and calcification of the small arterial walls; the right occipital lobe of the bra<strong>in</strong> showed areas of degeneration<br />

and degenerated astrocytes, and the white matter surround<strong>in</strong>g this defect appeared puckered.<br />

The Medical Director of The National CFIDS Foundation (chronic fatigue immune dysfunction, a<br />

commonly‐used US term for <strong>ME</strong>/CFS), Dr Alan Cocchetto, commented: “Every time you look closely at<br />

someone with this disease, you see immense suffer<strong>in</strong>g. There appears to be no limit as to the human toll<br />

that this disease is capable of exert<strong>in</strong>g on patients” (http://www.ncf‐net.org/forum/Autopsy.htm).<br />

The Wessely School, however, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the three PACE Trial Pr<strong>in</strong>cipal <strong>Invest</strong>igators and the Director of the<br />

Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Trial Unit, cont<strong>in</strong>ue to believe that <strong>ME</strong>/CFS is an “aberrant illness belief” and they assume that all<br />

patients – <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g those with <strong>ME</strong>/CFS ‐‐ suffer<strong>in</strong>g from what they deem to be “medically unexpla<strong>in</strong>ed<br />

symptoms” (which they refer to as MUS) or from “medically unexpla<strong>in</strong>ed physical symptoms” (which they<br />

refer to as MUPS) are really suffer<strong>in</strong>g from the same mental illness, ie. somatisation, and as such their<br />

symptoms will never be medically expla<strong>in</strong>ed, therefore there is no po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>in</strong> wast<strong>in</strong>g health service resources<br />

<strong>in</strong> seek<strong>in</strong>g a biomedical explanation.<br />

The Wessely School claim that they are react<strong>in</strong>g aga<strong>in</strong>st Cartesian dualism – the long‐held belief <strong>in</strong> Western<br />

medic<strong>in</strong>e that an illness is either “organic” or “psychiatric”. However, as Dr Mary Schweitzer (a US <strong>ME</strong>/CFS<br />

sufferer and patient advocate) po<strong>in</strong>ts out, the Wessely School has simply turned Cartesian dualism on its<br />

head. Disorders such as schizophrenia used to be regarded as “mental”, but advances <strong>in</strong> understand<strong>in</strong>g now<br />

show that the psychiatric disturbances that present <strong>in</strong> schizophrenia are manifestations of underly<strong>in</strong>g<br />

organic pathology. In their own <strong>in</strong>terpretation, the Wessely School has reversed this <strong>in</strong> relation to <strong>ME</strong>/CFS,<br />

claim<strong>in</strong>g that the physical is psychological which hardly accords with 21 st century medic<strong>in</strong>e<br />

(http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meet<strong>in</strong>gs/presentations/schweitzer_0509.pdf ).

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