Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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106 Figure A-9. Do pedestrian countdown signals encourage pedestrians to begin crossing the street during the flashing DON’T WALK interval? A few of the significant responses as to what a higher pedestrian LOS means are provided below: A few of the significant responses as to what a higher of pedestrian LOS means • The are ability provided to make below: a more informed choice that can help them adapt their behavior to the ambient conditions. � The ability to make a more informed choice that can help them adapt their behavior to the ambient conditions. • Allowing pedestrians to cross during FDW (pedestrians can enter crosswalk) at a [uniform] walking speed and still complete crossing prior to beginning of the conflicting green. � Allowing pedestrians to cross during FDW (pedestrians can enter crosswalk) at a [uniform] walking speed and still complete crossing prior to • Reduced delay for the pedestrian. beginning of conflicting green. • A reduced number of pedestrians in the crosswalk at the onset of amber. � Reduced delay for the pedestrian. • Improved � pedestrian A reduced compliance number of pedestrians with WALK in and the FDW crosswalk indications. at the onset of amber. The Minnesota � Department Improved pedestrian of Transportation compliance (MnDOT) with WALK completed and FDW a market indications. research analysis in 1999 that considered both traditional and PCD indications. A complete summary of the findings can be obtained The from Minnesota ITE. As related Department to question of Transportation 19, the Minnesota (MnDOT) study completed developed a market a series of before (traditional) research and after analysis (PCD indications) in 1999 that service considered levels. both Table traditional A-4 shows and the PCD five indications. distinct service A levels developed. complete This current summary study of might the consider findings can adapting be obtained or modifying from ITE. these As service related levels to based on specific project question objectives. 19, the Minnesota study developed a series of before (traditional) and after (PCD indications) service levels. Table A-4 shows the five distinct service The MnDOT levels phase developed. I study conclusions This current relative study might to service consider levels adapting were as or follows: modifying these survey levels based on specific project objectives. 1. When pedestrians crossed at intersections where the pedestrian crossing signal showed the international The MnDOT symbols phase with I study a flashing conclusions hand and relative numeric to service countdown, levels the are number as follows: of pedestrians successfully served by a pedestrian indication increased over intersections served by pedestrian indications showing only the international symbols or English text. 2. In all age groups—seniors, other adults, and teens—the percentage of successfully 120served crossings increased when pedestrians crossed with a pedestrian indication showing a flashing hand with a numeric countdown (see Table A-5).
3. Seniors and other adults showed some improvement when crossing at intersections served by a pedestrian indication with a flashing hand and numeric countdown showing. The greatest increase in successful service occured among teens. Twenty percent more teens were successfully served at such intersections. Teens crossing at intersections served by the new pedestrian indication (international symbols with a flashing hand and a numeric countdown) were less likely to be violators—starting and completing a crossing at an intersection when the solid hand is showing. The percentage of teen violations at intersections served by the new pedestrian indications (with the flashing hand and numeric countdown showing) was down by 20 percent. Table A-4. Minnesota Department of Transportation market research analysis: service levels for traditional and pedestrian countdown signals. Before condition [traditional] After condition [countdown signals] A) SUCCESSFULLY SERVED— APPROPRIATE START Started crossing and completed crossing when walking person/WALK showing. Started crossing when walking person/WALK showing and completed crossing when flashing hand/flashing DON’T WALK showing. B) SUCCESSFULLY SERVED— INAPPROPRIATE START Started crossing and completed crossing when flashing hand/flashing DON’T WALK showing. C) NOT SUCCESSFULLY SERVED— APPROPRIATE START Started crossing when walking person/WALK showing and completed crossing when solid hand/solid DON’T WALK showing. D) NOT SUCCESSFULLY SERVED— INAPPROPRIATE START Started crossing when flashing hand/flashing DON’T WALK showing and completed crossing when solid hand/solid DON’T WALK showing. Started crossing when flashing hand/flashing DON’T WALK showing and completed crossing when walking person/WALK showing. E) VIOLATORS— INAPPROPRIATE START Started crossing when solid hand/solid DON’T WALK showing and completed crossing when walking person/WALK showing. Started crossing and completed crossing when solid hand/solid DON’T WALK showing. Started crossing when solid hand/solid DON’T WALK showing and completed crossing when flashing hand/flashing DON’T WALK showing. A) SUCCESSFULLY SERVED— APPROPRIATE START Started crossing and completed when walking person showing. Started crossing when walking person showing and completed crossing when flashing hand with numeric countdown showing. B) SUCCESSFULLY SERVED— INAPPROPRIATE START Started crossing and completed crossing when flashing hand with numeric countdown showing. C) NOT SUCCESSFULLY SERVED— APPROPRIATE START Started crossing when walking person showing and completed crossing when solid hand showing. D) NOT SUCCESSFULLY SERVED— INAPPROPRIATE START Started crossing when flashing hand with numeric countdown showing and completed crossing when solid hand showing. Started crossing when flashing hand with numeric countdown showing and completed crossing when walking person showing. E) VIOLATORS— INAPPROPRIATE START Started crossing and completed crossing when solid hand showing. Started crossing when solid hand showing and completed crossing when walking person showing. Started crossing when solid hand showing and completed crossing when flashing hand with numeric countdown showing. 107
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
Page 55 and 56: • Give third priority to signaliz
Page 57 and 58: 15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
Page 59 and 60: Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
Page 61 and 62: Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
Page 63 and 64: The case study intersections in Sal
Page 65 and 66: Five different traffic volume condi
Page 67 and 68: Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
Page 69 and 70: Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
Page 71 and 72: There was no change in overall LOS
Page 73 and 74: Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
Page 75 and 76: Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
Page 77 and 78: the countdown at the end of the FDW
Page 79 and 80: lengths are preferred for pedestria
Page 81 and 82: Table 23. Comparison of the literat
Page 83 and 84: observer was assigned to each inter
Page 85 and 86: APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
Page 87 and 88: PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
Page 89 and 90: d) Plan to use during the next one
Page 91 and 92: Question 22 If you answered “yes
Page 93 and 94: Table A-1. Distribution of responde
Page 95 and 96: Table A-2. Respondent organizations
Page 97 and 98: Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
Page 99 and 100: 6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
Page 101 and 102: Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
Page 103 and 104: PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
Page 105: PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
Page 109 and 110: • No. Countdown timers encourage
Page 111 and 112: the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
Page 113 and 114: • None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
Page 115 and 116: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120: BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126: Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130: Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 131 and 132: Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 133 and 134: Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142: Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143 and 144: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146: Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
Page 147 and 148: SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150: For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
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SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
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Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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As shown in Table E-12, major stree
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
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SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
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RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
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cross. That is, at an intersection
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
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APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
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BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
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Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
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Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
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Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
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APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
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BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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