Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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108 Table A-5. Percentage of pedestrians successfully served by traditional and pedestrian countdown indications. Successfully served by pedestrian indications showing only international symbols or English text Successfully served by pedestrian indications showing international symbols with a flashing hand and a numeric countdown Total Seniors Other adults Teens 67 57 72 53 75 68 78 73 DO PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNALS RESULT IN A HIGHER LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR PEDESTRIANS? • Yes, if plenty of time remains to cross for faster than average pedestrians. • It is complicated enough as it is. That is the beauty of the countdown signal; it makes the pedestrian signal understandable. • Yes; starting to cross during FDW should be allowed if the pedestrian can enter the crosswalk at a walking speed and still complete the crossing prior to the beginning of conflicting green. • Yes. It appears to give pedestrians the opportunity for a more informed choice. • It gives pedestrians additional information and they can make an informed choice as to whether they want to cross. • Fewer pedestrians are in the crosswalk at the onset of clearance interval. • Yes, pedestrians can gauge their own crossing time by their abilities. • It tells people the time available and most are prudent once they know it. • Yes, if a higher LOS means reduced delay. • Although more pedestrians are starting their crossing during the FDW, more pedestrians also finish during the same interval. • Yes, with particularly aggressive pedestrians; others wait for the new WALK. • Yes. Once people see the number of seconds left, and if they believe they can make it across [the street], they will cross with the flashing hand. Teenagers would use it. Seniors and people who do not cross at a location regularly may not cross because of the flashing hand. • Yes; pedestrians enter at their own risk if they believe they can make it across. • Yes, but the number of pedestrians in the crosswalk at the onset of amber is also reduced (i.e. the pedestrians speed up to clear the intersection).
• No. Countdown timers encourage able pedestrians to cross on the DW. This is not necessarily a higher LOS. If the answer to the above question is “yes,” and we also are seeing the same or fewer pedestrians in crosswalks when traffic signal phases change, are changes needed to Section 4E.02 of MUTCD to reflect the actions of reasonable pedestrians? (Q20) Figure A-10 provides a summary of respondents’ answers to this question. Respondents were completely split in their answers: 42 percent said “yes,” 45 percent said “no,” and 13 percent said “maybe.” However, only 24 of the 182 respondents answered this question. It appears that most respondents did not know the answer to the question. Subsequent phases of this research effort may be able to more specifically identify any changes needed to MUTCD and, perhaps, any ITE recommended As an practices. example, some communities soon may pass ordinances (similar to Salt Lake City, Utah) that allow pedestrians to enter the crosswalk during a pedestrian As an example, clearance some phase communities if there is soon a countdown may pass signal ordinances present. (similar to Salt Lake City, Utah) that allow pedestrians to enter the crosswalk during a pedestrian clearance phase if there is a countdown signal present. Figure A-10. Are changes needed to Section 4E.02 of MUTCD? Don’t Know or Maybe 13% No 45% Significant comments relating to whether there are fewer people in the crosswalk when the traffic signal phase changes and if there is a need to revise Section 4E.02 of MUTCD are summarized below: � No, Leave the section as is. Yes 42% � Being from Canada, I am not sure about MUTCD. However, I don't think a change in this regulation will have any impact on pedestrian safety or crossing habits. � Even with the countdown timer associated with the pedestrian head, the use of “hand” and “man” is still confusing to many pedestrians. Yes, we should look at revising. � Yes. We are considering passing an ordinance similar to Salt Lake City that allows entering the crosswalk during a pedestrian clearance phase if Yes No Don’t Know or Maybe Figure A-10. Are changes needed to Section 4.E.02 of MUTCD? 109
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
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• Give third priority to signaliz
Page 57 and 58: 15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
Page 59 and 60: Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
Page 61 and 62: Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
Page 63 and 64: The case study intersections in Sal
Page 65 and 66: Five different traffic volume condi
Page 67 and 68: Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
Page 69 and 70: Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
Page 71 and 72: There was no change in overall LOS
Page 73 and 74: Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
Page 75 and 76: Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
Page 77 and 78: the countdown at the end of the FDW
Page 79 and 80: lengths are preferred for pedestria
Page 81 and 82: Table 23. Comparison of the literat
Page 83 and 84: observer was assigned to each inter
Page 85 and 86: APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
Page 87 and 88: PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
Page 89 and 90: d) Plan to use during the next one
Page 91 and 92: Question 22 If you answered “yes
Page 93 and 94: Table A-1. Distribution of responde
Page 95 and 96: Table A-2. Respondent organizations
Page 97 and 98: Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
Page 99 and 100: 6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
Page 101 and 102: Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
Page 103 and 104: PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
Page 105 and 106: PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
Page 107: 3. Seniors and other adults showed
Page 111 and 112: the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
Page 113 and 114: • None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
Page 115 and 116: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120: BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126: Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130: Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 131 and 132: Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 133 and 134: Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142: Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143 and 144: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146: Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
Page 147 and 148: SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150: For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
Page 157 and 158: SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
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Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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As shown in Table E-12, major stree
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
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SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
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RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
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cross. That is, at an intersection
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
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APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
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BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
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Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
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Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
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Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
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APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
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BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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