Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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172 Table E-13. Montgomery County, Maryland: intersection level of service under various peak-hour traffic volume and pedestrian walking speed scenarios. Walking speed scenario -10-percent volume LOS (and average delay, in sec.) -5-percent volume Existing volume +5-percent volume +10-percent volume 3.00 ft./sec. D (49) D (50) E (60) E (69) F (118) 3.50 ft./sec. D (46) D (47) D (47) D (49) D (52) 4.00 ft./sec. D (41) D (43) D (43) D (45) D (45) Major street LOS (and average delay, in sec.) 3.00 ft./sec. D (52) D (53) E (66) E (76) F (140) 3.50 ft./sec. D (47) D (49) D (48) D (50) D (54) 4.00 ft./sec. D (40) D (42) D (42) D (44) D (45) Minor street LOS (and average delay, in sec.) 3.00 ft./sec. D (39) D (39) D (41) D (46) D (39) 3.50 ft./sec. D (42) D (42) D (42) D (49) D (42) 4.00 ft./sec. D (45) D (45) D (45) D (47) D (44)
SUMMARY In summary, the key results are as follows for Montgomery County: • Walking speeds for older pedestrians were generally slower than for pedestrians under 65 by approximately 0.80 ft./sec. at traditional intersections and 1.10 ft./sec. at PCD signals. • There was no appreciable difference between walking speeds at traditional and PCD signals for younger pedestrians. MWS for older pedestrians was 0.30 ft./sec. faster at intersections equipped with TPS. • Pedestrians with mobility impairments and without motorized wheelchairs had appreciably slower walking speeds—their mean speed was 3.10 ft./sec. compared to about 4.20 ft./sec. for older pedestrians. A small sample size is recognized. • Older pedestrians had a slower start-up time, but this varied by intersection and leg of intersection. • Compliance with pedestrian signals (entering crosswalk on WALK display) was found at PCD signals for younger pedestrians. Compliance was similar at TPS and PCD signals for older pedestrians. • A higher percentage of younger pedestrians were left of the intersection at PCD signal intersections than at TPS intersections. There was no appreciable difference for the percentage of older pedestrians who were left in the intersection at traditional and PCD intersections. • Operational analysis: o The existing overall LOS at the Montgomery County case study intersection for the 3.00 ft./sec. pedestrian walking speed scenario was at capacity (LOS E with a corresponding average delay of 60 sec. per vehicle). o From existing volume conditions to a modeled increase of 10 percent over existing volumes, there was a reduction of two LOS designations (from LOS D to LOS F) and a corresponding increase of 58 sec. to ADPV. o For the major street approach, AVD increased exponentially with the increase in traffic volume for the 3.00 ft./sec. walking speed. o On the minor street approach, there was no change in LOS (LOS D remained the same) under existing volume conditions as compared to a modeled increase of 10 percent above existing volumes for the 3.50 ft./sec. and 4.00 ft./sec. walking speed scenarios. There was a maximum increase in ADPV of 8 sec. 173
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
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• Give third priority to signaliz
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15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
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Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
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Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
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The case study intersections in Sal
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Five different traffic volume condi
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Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
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Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
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There was no change in overall LOS
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Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
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Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
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the countdown at the end of the FDW
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lengths are preferred for pedestria
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Table 23. Comparison of the literat
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observer was assigned to each inter
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APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
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PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
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d) Plan to use during the next one
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Question 22 If you answered “yes
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Table A-1. Distribution of responde
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Table A-2. Respondent organizations
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Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
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6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
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Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
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PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
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PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
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3. Seniors and other adults showed
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• No. Countdown timers encourage
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the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
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• None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
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PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
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APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
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BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126: Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130: Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 131 and 132: Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 133 and 134: Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142: Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143 and 144: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146: Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
Page 147 and 148: SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150: For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
Page 157 and 158: SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
Page 163 and 164: Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
Page 165 and 166: Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
Page 167 and 168: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 169 and 170: As shown in Table E-12, major stree
Page 171: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
Page 175 and 176: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
Page 177 and 178: SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
Page 179 and 180: RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
Page 183 and 184: cross. That is, at an intersection
Page 187 and 188: Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 189 and 190: Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
Page 193 and 194: BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
Page 195 and 196: Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
Page 197 and 198: Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 199 and 200: Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
Page 201 and 202: Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
Page 203 and 204: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 205 and 206: Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 207 and 208: Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
Page 209 and 210: APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
Page 211 and 212: BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
Page 217 and 218: Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
Page 221 and 222: Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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