Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
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<strong>Pedestrian</strong> Start-Up Time<br />
<strong>Pedestrian</strong> start-up time also should be considered in timing pedestrian intervals at a signal. The<br />
FHWA publication Older <strong>Pedestrian</strong> Characteristics <strong>for</strong> Use in Highway Design provides empirical<br />
data on pedestrian start-up times <strong>for</strong> younger and older (65 or older) pedestrians. Start-up time was<br />
defined as the period from when the WALK signal becomes illuminated until the pedestrian first<br />
steps off the curb to begin crossing. The mean pedestrian start-up time was 1.93 sec. <strong>for</strong> younger<br />
pedestrians and 2.48 sec. <strong>for</strong> older pedestrians. The 85th-percentile start-up time was 3.06 sec. <strong>for</strong><br />
younger pedestrians and 3.76 sec. <strong>for</strong> older pedestrians (Staplin et al. 2001).<br />
Fugger et al. observed pedestrians at signal-controlled intersections to determine their perceptionreaction<br />
time to the crosswalk signal. Observations were recorded at six signal-controlled<br />
intersections in Los Angeles, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia. Perception-reaction time was determined from the time of<br />
the illumination of the WALK signal to the initial movement off the curb. Older pedestrians (older<br />
than 55) had longer perception-reaction times than younger pedestrians. The report did not provide<br />
quantitative in<strong>for</strong>mation on this difference (Fugger et al. 2000).<br />
PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNALS<br />
PCD signals provide in<strong>for</strong>mation to the pedestrian regarding the amount of time remaining to safely<br />
cross the street. A countdown used in conjunction with conventional pedestrian signal indications<br />
during the FDW interval was approved <strong>for</strong> use in the 2003 edition of MUTCD. Section 4.E.07 provides<br />
the following standard:<br />
If used, countdown pedestrian signals shall consist of Portland orange numbers that are at least<br />
150 mm (6 in) in height on a black opaque background. The countdown pedestrian signal shall be<br />
located immediately adjacent to the associated UPRAISED HAND (symbolizing DW) pedestrian<br />
signal head indication.<br />
If used, the display of the number of remaining seconds shall begin only at the beginning of the<br />
PCI. After the countdown displays zero, the display shall remain dark until the beginning of the<br />
next countdown.<br />
If used, the countdown pedestrian signal shall display the number of seconds remaining until the<br />
termination of the PCI. Countdown displays shall not be used during the walk interval nor during<br />
the yellow change interval of a concurrent vehicular phase.” (Manual on Uni<strong>for</strong>m <strong>Traffic</strong> Control<br />
Devices <strong>for</strong> Streets and Highways, 2003 Edition)<br />
Although MUTCD specifies that the countdown should start at the beginning of the FDW, some<br />
installations of the signals also display the countdown during the WALK.<br />
A recent survey of 194 jurisdictions in North America by the <strong>Traffic</strong> Operation and Management<br />
Standing Committee of the Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) found that more than 2,300<br />
PCD signals were installed at more than 71 jurisdictions in 2003. An additional 360 were planned <strong>for</strong><br />
installation in Canada and the United States in 2004. This trend likely will continue (An In<strong>for</strong>mational<br />
Report on <strong>Pedestrian</strong> Countdown <strong>Signal</strong>s 2004).<br />
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