Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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96 Table A-2. Respondent organizations for number of PCD signal timers and their use on major and minor street approaches. (continued) Employer type California Agency Q10: approaches with PCD timers Rank, number of PCD timers Q11a: major street Percentage of total on major street Q11b: minor street Percentage of total on minor street approach City City of Dallas, Texas 4 38 0 0.0 4 100.0 City City of Overland Park, Kansas 4 38 0 0.0 4 100.0 City City of Kissimmee, Florida City of Ithaca, New 4 38 2 50.0 2 50.0 City York Department of 4 38 2 50.0 2 50.0 Transportation Services, Honolulu, 4 38 2 50.0 2 50.0 City Hawaii City City of Lincoln, Nebraska 3 43 2 66.7 1 33.3 County Monmouth County, New Jersey 3 43 1 33.3 2 66.7 City Hampton, Virginia 3 43 2 66.7 1 33.3 County Nassau County, New York Washington State 2 46 1 50.0 1 50.0 State Department of department of Transportation NW 2 46 1 50.0 1 50.0 transportation Region State Rhode Island department of Department of 2 46 0 0.0 2 100.0 transportation Transportation City, Canada City of Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2 46 2 100.0 0 0.0 City City of Yuma, Arizona 1 50 1 100.0 0 0.0 State department of transportation Vermont Agency of Transportation 1 50 1 100.0 0 0.0 City Lake Havasu City, Arizona 1 50 1 100.0 0 0.0 Average 54.9 43.2 Figure A-2 shows the distribution of respondents’ plans to install PCD signals. As shown, 86 of the 175 respondents (49 percent) already had PCD signals in place. Another 40 of the respondents (23 percent) planned to install PCD signals during the next five years. Approximately one in three respondents (28 percent) indicated that they had no plans to install PCD signals. CRITERIA USED TO IDENTIFY WHERE PCD SIGNALS SHOULD BE INSTALLED 109
Figure A-2 shows the distribution of respondents’ plans to install PCD signals. As shown, 86 of the 175 respondents (49 percent) already had PCD signals in place. Another 40 of the respondents (23 percent) planned to install PCD signals during the next five years. Approximately one in three respondents (28 percent) indicated that they had no plans to install PCD signals. CRITERIA USED TO IDENTIFY WHERE PCD SIGNALS SHOULD BE INSTALLED Most jurisdictions will selectively install PCD signals as opposed to retrofitting all existing pedestrian signals with countdown timers. Figure A-3 shows the general categories of factors that traffic engineers used to decide where to install PCD signals. Respondents were permitted to provide multiple answers to this question. In total, 152 responses were provided. As shown, the largest categories of responses were location criteria (n = 49, or 32 percent) and pedestrian characteristics (n = 56, or 37 percent). Other factors included roadway characteristics (13 percent), traffic operations (12 percent), and requests (6 percent). Figure A-4 summarizes the responses provided under location criteria. As shown, schools received the highest number of responses (45 percent), followed by downtown or urban areas (12 percent), pedestrian access routes/pedestrian activity centers (12 percent), environments with a significant number of seniors (10 percent), and areas adjacent to transit stops/subway stations (8 percent). Figure A-5 shows the responses provided under the pedestrian characteristics criterion. As shown, “high pedestrian volumes” received the greatest number of responses (more than 57 percent). There was some discussion among respondents that having actual numbers of pedestrians (perhaps daily or hourly) might be useful. Just more than 20 percent of the respondents indicated that PCD signals would be beneficial for senior or very young pedestrians. Other pedestrian characteristics mentioned in lower numbers included pedestrian crash history, ethnic diversity, inexperienced users, high pedestrian pushbutton usage, and high bicycle volumes. 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 % 4 0 .0 % 3 5 .0 % 3 0 .0 % 2 5 .0 % 2 0 .0 % 1 5 .0 % 1 0 .0 % 5 .0 % 0 .0 % 45.8% Already have 29.2% No plans to install 13.1% Plans to install in next 6-12 months 7.1% Plans to install in next 1-2 years 4.8% Plans to install in next 2-5 years Figure A-2. Distribution of respondents’ plans to install pedestrian countdown signals. 97
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
Page 45 and 46: SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
Page 47 and 48: Walking Speeds The project team mea
Page 49 and 50: RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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Page 53 and 54: POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
Page 55 and 56: • Give third priority to signaliz
Page 57 and 58: 15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
Page 59 and 60: Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
Page 61 and 62: Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
Page 63 and 64: The case study intersections in Sal
Page 65 and 66: Five different traffic volume condi
Page 67 and 68: Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
Page 69 and 70: Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
Page 71 and 72: There was no change in overall LOS
Page 73 and 74: Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
Page 75 and 76: Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
Page 77 and 78: the countdown at the end of the FDW
Page 79 and 80: lengths are preferred for pedestria
Page 81 and 82: Table 23. Comparison of the literat
Page 83 and 84: observer was assigned to each inter
Page 85 and 86: APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
Page 87 and 88: PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
Page 89 and 90: d) Plan to use during the next one
Page 91 and 92: Question 22 If you answered “yes
Page 93 and 94: Table A-1. Distribution of responde
Page 95: Table A-2. Respondent organizations
Page 99 and 100: 6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
Page 101 and 102: Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
Page 103 and 104: PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
Page 105 and 106: PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
Page 107 and 108: 3. Seniors and other adults showed
Page 109 and 110: • No. Countdown timers encourage
Page 111 and 112: the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
Page 113 and 114: • None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
Page 115 and 116: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120: BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126: Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130: Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 131 and 132: Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 133 and 134: Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142: Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143 and 144: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146: Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
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SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
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For the major street approaches, LO
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
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SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
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Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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As shown in Table E-12, major stree
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
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SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
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RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
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cross. That is, at an intersection
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
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APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
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BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
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Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
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Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
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Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
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APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
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BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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