Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

More documents

Recommendations

Info

216 Pedestrians with Impairments Pedestrians with discernable mobility or visual impairments were recorded separately, regardless of their age. At the Orange County intersections, 13 pedestrians with impairments were observed for walking speed during the study periods. The walking speeds categorized by impairments are listed in Table H-5. These data are not stratified by age, location, or by type of pedestrian signal because of the small sample size. Table H-5. Walking speeds of pedestrians with impairments, regardless of age, in Orange County, California. Observed impairment Pedestrians MWS Cognitive impairment or other (including inebriation) Mobility impaired (walked with a cane, crutch, limp, or push cart) 3 4.20 7 3.00 Motorized wheelchair assisted 3 6.70 MWS for pedestrians with mobility impairments was only 3.00 ft./sec. This walking speed was slower than the 15th-percentile speed for pedestrians 65 and older at any of the four intersections. Start-Up Times Pedestrians who approached the intersection during the steady DON’T WALK (DW) interval and waited for the WALK interval were observed to determine their start-up lost time. This is the time from when the WALK indication is displayed on the pedestrian signal until the pedestrian leaves the curb and starts his or her crossing. This start-up time is related to the pedestrian’s reaction to the signal timing. However, there could be other factors, such as turning vehicles still in the intersection, that may cause a pedestrian to delay his or her start across the intersection. No distinction was made between those who waited for turning vehicles and those who simply did not react to the signal as quickly. Only pedestrians who arrived prior to the onset of the WALK interval were included in this analysis. Observations were recorded for pedestrians across the major leg of intersection C (countdown). Based on a sample of 31 younger pedestrians, younger pedestrians had a start-up time of 1.20 sec. at this crossing. Based on a sample of 30 older pedestrians, older pedestrians had a start-up time of 1.60 sec. This is a difference of 0.40 sec., which is not statistically significant. Compliance Pedestrians at each intersection were observed during two to three hours of peak vehicle and pedestrian activity by field observers. For each pedestrian, observers recorded the pedestrian signal indication (WALK, FDW, or DW) that was displayed when the pedestrian entered the intersection. Observations were recorded separately for younger and older pedestrians. Observations were recorded during the hours of peak vehicle activity because vehicle volumes at intersections likely affect pedestrian compliance to the signal. This is related to the opportunity to cross. That is, at an intersection with low vehicle volume, pedestrians are more likely to violate the pedestrian signal because there are more available crossing gaps.
Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows the frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during each signal indication for the two intersections equipped with TPS. Table H-6. Frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during the WALK, flashing DON’T WALK, or DON’T WALK indication at traditional signals in Orange County, California. WALK FDW DW Intersection Leg Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Intersection A Intersection B Total at traditional signals Major 48 67 6 8 18 25 Minor 57 76 7 9 11 15 Major 27 69 3 8 9 23 Minor 35 71 4 8 10 20 167 71 20 9 48 20 The compliance for younger pedestrians at traditional signals was fairly consistent by site and approach, with 67 percent to 76 percent of pedestrians entering during the WALK indication. When the four intersection legs were considered together, 71 percent entered during the WALK. Table H-7 shows the frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during each signal indication for the two intersections equipped with PCD signals. As with the traditional intersections, the compliance varied by intersection and leg. However, when the four approaches were considered together, only 46 percent of the pedestrians entered during the WALK indication and 41 percent entered during the DW indication. This was lower compliance than at the traditional signals. This may be due to a difference in the availability of gaps during the DW interval at the countdown intersection. Additionally, both intersections were pedestrian actuated. Pedestrian-actuated intersections generally have a lower compliance rate than intersections with dedicated pedestrian intervals. Intersection D had lower vehicle volumes than intersection C. Therefore, pedestrians may have found it easier to cross against the signal instead of activating the pedestrian pushbutton and waiting for the pedestrian interval. This finding will be compared to other cities. Table H-7. Frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during the WALK, flashing DON’T WALK, or DON’T WALK indication at pedestrian countdown signals in Orange County, California. WALK FDW DW Intersection Leg Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Major 16 84 0 0 3 16 Intersection C Minor 35 64 9 16 11 20 Intersection Major 21 37 9 16 27 47 D Minor 23 30 10 13 44 57 Total at countdown signals 95 46 28 13 85 41 217
Page 1:
Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
Page 7:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
Page 11 and 12:
LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
Page 13:
FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
Page 16 and 17:
16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
Page 18 and 19:
18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
Page 20 and 21:
20 1. Based on the results observed
Page 22 and 23:
22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
Page 25 and 26:
METHODS The project objectives were
Page 27 and 28:
and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
Page 29 and 30:
the potential impact of various wal
Page 31 and 32:
Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
Page 33 and 34:
• a PCD signal with both the coun
Page 35 and 36:
six crosswalks experienced a signif
Page 37 and 38:
where: W = duration of WALK indicat
Page 39 and 40:
Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
Page 41 and 42:
Table 3. Summary of empirical data
Page 43 and 44:
Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
Page 45 and 46:
SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
Page 47 and 48:
Walking Speeds The project team mea
Page 49 and 50:
RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
Page 51 and 52:
5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
Page 53 and 54:
POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
Page 55 and 56:
• Give third priority to signaliz
Page 57 and 58:
15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
Page 59 and 60:
Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
Page 61 and 62:
Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
Page 63 and 64:
The case study intersections in Sal
Page 65 and 66:
Five different traffic volume condi
Page 67 and 68:
Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
Page 71 and 72:
There was no change in overall LOS
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
Page 75 and 76:
Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
Page 77 and 78:
the countdown at the end of the FDW
Page 79 and 80:
lengths are preferred for pedestria
Page 81 and 82:
Table 23. Comparison of the literat
Page 83 and 84:
observer was assigned to each inter
Page 85 and 86:
APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
Page 87 and 88:
PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
Page 89 and 90:
d) Plan to use during the next one
Page 91 and 92:
Question 22 If you answered “yes
Page 93 and 94:
Table A-1. Distribution of responde
Page 95 and 96:
Table A-2. Respondent organizations
Page 97 and 98:
Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
Page 99 and 100:
6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
Page 101 and 102:
Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
Page 103 and 104:
PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
Page 105 and 106:
PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
Page 107 and 108:
3. Seniors and other adults showed
Page 109 and 110:
• No. Countdown timers encourage
Page 111 and 112:
the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
Page 113 and 114:
• None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
Page 115 and 116:
PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118:
APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120:
BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122:
DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124:
For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126:
Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128:
Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130:
Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 131 and 132:
Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 133 and 134:
Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136:
APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138:
BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140:
• Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142:
Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143 and 144:
Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146:
Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
Page 147 and 148:
SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150:
For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152:
3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154:
SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156:
LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
Page 157 and 158:
SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
Page 159 and 160:
DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 161 and 162:
For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 163 and 164:
Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
Page 165 and 166: Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
Page 167 and 168: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 169 and 170: As shown in Table E-12, major stree
Page 171 and 172: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
Page 173 and 174: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 175 and 176: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
Page 177 and 178: SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
Page 179 and 180: RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
Page 181 and 182: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 183 and 184: cross. That is, at an intersection
Page 185 and 186: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 187 and 188: Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 189 and 190: Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
Page 193 and 194: BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
Page 195 and 196: Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
Page 197 and 198: Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 199 and 200: Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
Page 201 and 202: Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
Page 203 and 204: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 205 and 206: Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 207 and 208: Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
Page 209 and 210: APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
Page 211 and 212: BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
Page 213 and 214: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 215: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 219 and 220: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 221 and 222: Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
Page 223 and 224: Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 225 and 226: Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
Page 227 and 228: APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
Page 229 and 230: COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
Page 231 and 232: APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
Page 233 and 234: 3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
Page 235 and 236: Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
Page 237 and 238: Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
show all

Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?