Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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80 o For younger pedestrians, this study showed 7 percent (0.37 ft./sec.) greater walking speeds at traditional signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”) and 7 percent (0.34 ft./sec.) greater walking speeds at PCD signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”). • At the low end of the range for 15th-percentile speed: o For older pedestrians, this study showed 55 percent (1.2 ft./sec.) greater walking speeds at traditional signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”) and 55 percent (1.2 ft./sec.) greater walking speeds at PCD signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”). o For younger pedestrians, this study showed 24 percent (0.79 ft./sec.) greater walking speeds at traditional signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”) and 24 percent (0.79 ft./sec.) greater walking speeds at PCD signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”). • At the high end of the range for 15th-percentile speed: o For older pedestrians, this study showed a reduction of 5 percent (-0.20 ft./sec.) in walking speeds at traditional signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”) and the same (no difference) walking speeds at PCD signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”). o For younger pedestrians, this study showed 9 percent (0.39 ft./sec.) greater walking speeds at traditional signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”) and 12 percent (0.49 ft./sec.) greater walking speeds at PCD signals (compared to the literature review’s “all signals”). NEXT STEPS The next revision to MUTCD is currently slated for 2009. Prior to the revision, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) will prepare a Notice of Proposed Amendments, inclusive of changes to pedestrian walking speed provisions. Additionally, FHWA will consider recommendations from the NCUTCD. Proposed NCUTCD recommendations pertaining to pedestrian signal timing are shown in Table 9. This study supports the proposed NCUTCD guidance for reducing overall pedestrian walking speeds to 3.50 ft./sec. It is important to note that the proposed guidance includes options to increase or decrease the pedestrian walking speed based on specific pedestrian characteristics and available pedestrian signal hardware at intersections. There is a need for guidance regarding when to use pedestrian countdown (PCD) signals. This current study focused on a few communities that have developed criteria for implementing PCD signals. The scope of this study did not specifically investigate the impact of signal timing on blind, low-vision, or otherwise disabled pedestrians and their use of pedestrian-accessible signals. Future studies should convene focus groups to develop parameters of future efforts that would consider the start-up time and walking speed differences of these pedestrian subgroups.
Table 23. Comparison of the literature review data and this study’s data on walking speeds. This study Literature review This study Literature review This study Literature review This study Literature review MWS MWS 15 th -percentile 15 th -percentile Low end of range High end of range Low end of range High end of range PCD signals Traditional signals All signals PCD signals Traditional signals All signals PCD signals Traditional signals All signals PCD signals Traditional signals All signals 3.19 3.98 4.20 4.60 4.60 4.80 2.20 3.40 3.40 4.00 3.80 4.00 4.42 4.85 5.00 4.96 5.33 5.30 3.31 4.10 4.10 4.21 4.60 4.70 4.60 N/A N/A 4.87 N/A N/A 3.09 N/A N/A 4.80 N/A N/A Pedestrian stratification Older pedestrians Younger pedestrians All pedestrians 92 81
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
Page 29 and 30: the potential impact of various wal
Page 31 and 32: Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
Page 33 and 34: • a PCD signal with both the coun
Page 35 and 36: six crosswalks experienced a signif
Page 37 and 38: where: W = duration of WALK indicat
Page 39 and 40: Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
Page 41 and 42: Table 3. Summary of empirical data
Page 43 and 44: Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
Page 45 and 46: SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
Page 47 and 48: Walking Speeds The project team mea
Page 49 and 50: RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
Page 51 and 52: 5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
Page 53 and 54: POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
Page 55 and 56: • Give third priority to signaliz
Page 57 and 58: 15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
Page 59 and 60: Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
Page 61 and 62: Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
Page 63 and 64: The case study intersections in Sal
Page 65 and 66: Five different traffic volume condi
Page 67 and 68: Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
Page 69 and 70: Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
Page 71 and 72: There was no change in overall LOS
Page 73 and 74: Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
Page 75 and 76: Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
Page 77 and 78: the countdown at the end of the FDW
Page 79: lengths are preferred for pedestria
Page 83 and 84: observer was assigned to each inter
Page 85 and 86: APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
Page 87 and 88: PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
Page 89 and 90: d) Plan to use during the next one
Page 91 and 92: Question 22 If you answered “yes
Page 93 and 94: Table A-1. Distribution of responde
Page 95 and 96: Table A-2. Respondent organizations
Page 97 and 98: Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
Page 99 and 100: 6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
Page 101 and 102: Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
Page 103 and 104: PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
Page 105 and 106: PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
Page 107 and 108: 3. Seniors and other adults showed
Page 109 and 110: • No. Countdown timers encourage
Page 111 and 112: the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
Page 113 and 114: • None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
Page 115 and 116: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120: BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126: Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130: Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
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APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
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BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
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• Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
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Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Table D-4. Significance testing of
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Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
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SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
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For the major street approaches, LO
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
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SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
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Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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As shown in Table E-12, major stree
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
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SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
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RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
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cross. That is, at an intersection
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
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APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
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BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
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Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
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Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
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Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
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APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
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BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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