Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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160 Table E-2. Walking speeds for pedestrians at intersections in Montgomery County, Maryland. Observed walking speeds (ft./sec.) Pedestrians under 65 Pedestrians 65 and older Intersection Crossing Median Median 15th 15 Sample Mean (50th Sample Mean (50th percentile percentile) percentile) th percentile Bethesda and Arlington Major 63 5.6 5.4 4.7 24 4.3 4.1 3.4 (traditional) Minor 144 4.9 4.9 4.1 42 4.4 4.3 3.6 Colesville and 2nd/Wayne Major 70 5.7 5.6 4.9 30 4.7 4.7 3.9 (traditional) Minor 77 5.5 5.3 5.0 25 4.5 4.6 3.7 Traditional approaches combined 354 5.3 5.2 4.6 121 4.5 4.4 3.6 Elm and Woodmont Major 69 5.1 5.0 4.3 29 4.0 4.1 3.2 (countdown) Minor 95 5.4 5.4 4.9 35 4.6 4.6 3.7 Colesville and E.West Major 76 5.4 5.3 4.9 31 3.9 3.8 3.1 Highway (countdown) Minor 100 5.1 5.0 4.1 48 4.3 4.2 3.5 Countdown approaches combined 340 5.3 5.2 4.6 143 4.2 4.2 3.5
For younger pedestrians, the mean walking speed (MWS) was 5.30 feet/second (ft./sec.) at traditional intersections and at intersections equipped with PCD signals. As presented in Table E-3, there was no significant difference in the walking speeds for younger pedestrians at traditional and PCD signals. The median walking speed was 5.20 ft./sec. at traditional intersections and at countdown signals. The 15th-percentile walking speed represents the slower pedestrians at the intersection. The 15thpercentile speed was 4.60 ft./sec. at traditional signals and at countdown signals. A walking speed of 4.00 ft./sec. would accommodate the 15th-percentile younger pedestrian at any of these four intersections. For older pedestrians, MWS at PCD signals was 4.20 ft./sec., slightly slower than the MWS of 4.50 ft./sec. at TPS. As presented in Table E-3, this difference was significant at a 95-percent confidence level. The median walking speed was slower at the countdown signal crossings (4.20 ft./sec.) than at traditional signal crossings (4.40 ft./sec.). The 15th-percentile speed also was slightly slower at PCD signals (3.50 ft./sec.) compared to TPS (3.60 ft./sec.). A walking speed of 3.50 ft./sec. would accommodate 15th-percentile older pedestrians at the traditional and countdown intersections based on their combined 15th-percentile speed. At the PCD intersections, the major approach of both intersections had a 15th-percentile walking speed below 3.50 ft./sec. Table E-3. Significance testing of difference in mean waking speed at traditional and pedestrian countdown signals for two age groups. Subjects Intersections Mean Pedestrians under 65 Standard deviation Traditional 5.32 0.93 Countdown 5.25 0.75 Pedestrians Traditional 4.45 0.85 65 and older Countdown 4.22 0.79 Tcalc 1.057 2.342 Outcome The difference between means is not significant at 95 percent. The difference between means is significant at 95 percent. Table E-4 presents the results of significance testing of the difference in MWS for younger pedestrians and older pedestrians. As would be expected, the walking speed for older pedestrians was significantly slower than the walking speed for younger pedestrians, regardless of the type of pedestrian signal. 161
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
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• Give third priority to signaliz
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15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
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Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
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Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
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The case study intersections in Sal
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Five different traffic volume condi
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Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
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Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
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There was no change in overall LOS
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Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
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Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
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the countdown at the end of the FDW
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lengths are preferred for pedestria
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Table 23. Comparison of the literat
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observer was assigned to each inter
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APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
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PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
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d) Plan to use during the next one
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Question 22 If you answered “yes
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Table A-1. Distribution of responde
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Table A-2. Respondent organizations
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Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
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6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
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Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
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PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
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PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
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3. Seniors and other adults showed
Page 109 and 110: • No. Countdown timers encourage
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Page 113 and 114: • None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
Page 115 and 116: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120: BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126: Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130: Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 131 and 132: Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 133 and 134: Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142: Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143 and 144: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146: Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
Page 147 and 148: SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150: For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
Page 157 and 158: SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
Page 159: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 163 and 164: Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
Page 165 and 166: Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
Page 167 and 168: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 169 and 170: As shown in Table E-12, major stree
Page 171 and 172: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
Page 173 and 174: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 175 and 176: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
Page 177 and 178: SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
Page 179 and 180: RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
Page 181 and 182: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 183 and 184: cross. That is, at an intersection
Page 185 and 186: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 187 and 188: Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 189 and 190: Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
Page 193 and 194: BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
Page 195 and 196: Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
Page 197 and 198: Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 199 and 200: Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
Page 201 and 202: Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
Page 203 and 204: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 205 and 206: Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 207 and 208: Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
Page 209 and 210: APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
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BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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