Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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140 DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestrian Behavior Data Data were collected in the Twin Cities during the week of October 11, 2004. At each intersection, Portable Archival Traffic History (PATH) cameras were deployed for one full day of recording for one minor leg and one major leg. PATH systems record pedestrian activity at the intersection without interfering with pedestrians. At the Groveland Avenue and Lyndale Avenue intersection in Minneapolis, only the major leg was equipped with a PATH camera system because it was the only leg with a PCD signal. During the week of October 11, the Twin Cities experienced cool temperatures and intermittent rain. This greatly reduced pedestrian activity at the study intersections. At all but two approaches, the project team was not able to collect a desirable sample size of older pedestrians. Surveys The project team developed a brief survey to be administered to pedestrians at the study intersections. The purpose of the survey was to gauge pedestrian understanding and preference for PCD signals and traditional pedestrian signals (TPS). Survey administration took approximately 1 minute. Surveys were administered at the two PCD study intersections to pedestrians who had completed their crossing at the intersections. The targets of the survey were pedestrians over 18 years of age. The survey response was much lower than anticipated, particularly for older pedestrians. Approximately 75 percent of older pedestrians who were approached regarding the survey declined to participate. This was similar to the findings in White Plains, New York. RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking speeds of 896 pedestrians were observed at the four intersections. This included 101 pedestrians estimated to be 65 or older based on visual observations. Pedestrian walking speeds were measured from when they left the curb to when they returned to the curb on the other side of the street. Pedestrians who left the influence area of the crosswalk (within 2 to 3 feet of the edge of the crosswalk) during their crossing were not included in the analysis. The mean (average), 50th-percentile (median), and 15th-percentile walking speeds were calculated for both groups of pedestrians. These values are presented in Table D-2 individually for each intersection’s minor and major approach. The mean, median, and 15th percentile also are represented collectively for all four traditional crossings and all three PCD crossings.
Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedestrians at intersections in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. Observed walking speeds (f t./sec .) Yo unger pe destrians Old er pedestrians Inters ection Leg 15th percentile Sample Mean Median 15th percentile Sample Mean Median Major 78 4.8 4.8 4.3 11 3.8 3.9 3.4 Lyndale and Franklin (traditional) Minor 115 5.0 4.9 4.2 15 3.9 4.0 3.5 Major 46 4.7 4.7 4.1 4 3.7 3.6 3.4 Minor 54 4.7 4.6 3.9 3 5.1 4.6 4.0 University and Hamline (traditional) Traditional approaches com bined 293 4.9 4.8 4.2 33 4.0 4.0 3.4 Major 124 4.9 4.8 4.1 11 4.4 4.4 3.8 Lyndale and Groveland (countdown) Major 174 5.1 5.1 4.5 30 4.0 3.9 3.5 University and Snelling (countdown) Minor 136 5.1 5.1 4.5 27 4.6 4.1 3.7 PCD signal approaches combi ned 434 5.0 5.0 4.4 68 4.3 4.1 3.7 141
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
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• Give third priority to signaliz
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15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
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Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
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Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
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The case study intersections in Sal
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Five different traffic volume condi
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Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
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Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
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There was no change in overall LOS
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Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
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Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
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the countdown at the end of the FDW
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lengths are preferred for pedestria
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Table 23. Comparison of the literat
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observer was assigned to each inter
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APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
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PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
Page 89 and 90: d) Plan to use during the next one
Page 91 and 92: Question 22 If you answered “yes
Page 93 and 94: Table A-1. Distribution of responde
Page 95 and 96: Table A-2. Respondent organizations
Page 97 and 98: Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
Page 99 and 100: 6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
Page 101 and 102: Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
Page 103 and 104: PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
Page 105 and 106: PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
Page 107 and 108: 3. Seniors and other adults showed
Page 109 and 110: • No. Countdown timers encourage
Page 111 and 112: the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
Page 113 and 114: • None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
Page 115 and 116: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120: BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126: Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130: Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 131 and 132: Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 133 and 134: Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 143 and 144: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146: Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
Page 147 and 148: SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150: For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
Page 157 and 158: SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
Page 159 and 160: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 163 and 164: Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
Page 165 and 166: Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
Page 167 and 168: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 169 and 170: As shown in Table E-12, major stree
Page 171 and 172: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
Page 173 and 174: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 175 and 176: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
Page 177 and 178: SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
Page 179 and 180: RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
Page 183 and 184: cross. That is, at an intersection
Page 185 and 186: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 187 and 188: Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 189 and 190: Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
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APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
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BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
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Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
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Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
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Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
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APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
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BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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