Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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144 Observations were recorded for pedestrians at the minor approach of University and Snelling. Based on a sample of 100 younger pedestrians, younger pedestrians had a start-up time of 2.10 sec. at this crossing. Based on a sample of 19 older pedestrians at the same crossing, older pedestrians had a start-up time of 2.90 sec. This is a difference of 0.80 sec. Compliance Pedestrians at each intersection were observed during two hours of peak vehicle and pedestrian activity using the PATH system. For each pedestrian, observers recorded the pedestrian signal indication (WALK, FDW, or DW) that was displayed when the pedestrian entered the intersection. Observations were recorded separately for younger pedestrians and those 65 and older. Observations were recorded during the three hours of peak vehicle activity because vehicle volumes at intersections likely affect pedestrian compliance to the signal. This is related to the opportunity to cross. That is, at an intersection with low vehicle volume, pedestrians are more likely to violate the pedestrian signal because there are more available crossing gaps. Pedestrians Under 65 Table D-6 shows the frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during each signal indication for two intersections equipped with TPS. Table D-6. Frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during the WALK, flashing DON’T WALK, or DON’T WALK indication at traditional signals in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. Intersection Leg WALK FDW DW Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Lyndale and Franklin (traditional) Major Minor 80 52 84 63 14 7 15 9 1 23 1 28 University and Hamline (traditional) Major Minor 8 21 44 75 3 5 17 18 7 2 39 7 Total at traditional signals 161 72 29 13 33 15 The compliance for younger pedestrians at traditional signals varied from 44 percent to 84 percent entering during the WALK indication. When the four intersection legs were considered together, 72 percent entered during the WALK indication. Table D-7 shows the frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during each signal indication for the two intersections equipped with PCD signals. As with the traditional intersections, the compliance varied by intersection and leg from 36 percent to 76 percent. The combined percentage was slightly lower (62 percent) than at traditional signals.
Table D-7. Frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during the WALK, flashing DON’T WALK, or DON’T WALK indication at pedestrian countdown signals in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. Intersection Leg WALK FDW DW Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Lyndale and Groveland (countdown) Major 30 36 10 12 43 52 University and Snelling Major 75 76 18 18 6 6 (countdown) Minor 89 69 8 6 32 25 Total at countdown signals 194 62 36 12 81 26 Older Pedestrians Pedestrian compliance was observed at the traditional signals for two hours of peak activity. During the two hours observed, only 12 older pedestrians were observed crossing at these intersections combined. All of these pedestrians entered during the WALK interval. Table D-8 shows the frequency and percentage of older pedestrians entering during each signal indication for the two intersections equipped with PCD signals. During the two hours of peak vehicle activity, 30 older pedestrians were observed crossing at these intersections. The compliance varied by intersection leg; however, the sample sizes for individual legs were too small to be considered individually. When all four PCD legs were considered together, 67 percent of older pedestrians entered the intersection during the WALK indication. This was lower compliance than at traditional signals; however, the sample size in both groups was very small. Table D-8. Frequency and percentage of older pedestrians entering during the WALK, flashing DON’T WALK, or DON’T WALK indication at pedestrian countdown signals in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. WALK FDW DW Intersection Leg Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Lyndale and Groveland (countdown) Major 1 25 0 0 3 75 University and Snelling Major 12 80 2 13 1 7 (countdown) Minor 7 64 1 9 3 27 Total at countdown signals 20 67 3 10 7 23 145
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
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• Give third priority to signaliz
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15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
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Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
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Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
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The case study intersections in Sal
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Five different traffic volume condi
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Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
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Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
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There was no change in overall LOS
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Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
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Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
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the countdown at the end of the FDW
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lengths are preferred for pedestria
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Table 23. Comparison of the literat
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observer was assigned to each inter
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APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
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PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
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d) Plan to use during the next one
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Question 22 If you answered “yes
Page 93 and 94: Table A-1. Distribution of responde
Page 95 and 96: Table A-2. Respondent organizations
Page 97 and 98: Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
Page 99 and 100: 6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
Page 101 and 102: Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
Page 103 and 104: PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
Page 105 and 106: PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
Page 107 and 108: 3. Seniors and other adults showed
Page 109 and 110: • No. Countdown timers encourage
Page 111 and 112: the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
Page 113 and 114: • None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
Page 115 and 116: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120: BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126: Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130: Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 131 and 132: Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 133 and 134: Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142: Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 147 and 148: SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150: For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
Page 157 and 158: SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
Page 159 and 160: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 163 and 164: Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
Page 165 and 166: Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
Page 167 and 168: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 169 and 170: As shown in Table E-12, major stree
Page 171 and 172: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
Page 173 and 174: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 175 and 176: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
Page 177 and 178: SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
Page 179 and 180: RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
Page 183 and 184: cross. That is, at an intersection
Page 185 and 186: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 187 and 188: Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 189 and 190: Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
Page 193 and 194: BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
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Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
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Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
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Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
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APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
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BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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