Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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186 SURVEY RESULTS A total of 67 pedestrians were surveyed in White Plains, including 19 older pedestrians. Approximately 90 percent of those approached declined to be surveyed. Pedestrians were intercepted after they completed their crossing at PCD-equipped intersections and asked if they would like to participate in a brief survey on pedestrian safety. Pedestrians were asked if they noticed anything different about crossing at this intersection than at similar intersections in White Plains. A follow-up question confirmed that the difference noted was the countdown signal. Forty-seven (approximately 70 percent) of the pedestrians noticed the PCD signals. All surveyed pedestrians were asked to explain the meaning of the countdown indication. Approximately 90 percent of the pedestrians provided a satisfactory explanation of the countdown indication. Of those pedestrians who had a preference regarding the use of TPS or PCD signals, 90 percent preferred the PCD signals. Similarly, approximately 85 percent of all pedestrians surveyed indicated that the PCD signal was helpful in crossing the street safely. EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS ON PEDESTRIAN CLEARANCE TIMES Table F-11 displays the required pedestrian signal times for different walking speeds and the time available for that movement at each of the intersections studied. Table F-11 presents the ˝ symbol where the total pedestrian signal time exceeded the available minimum green time. Key findings related to the pedestrian WALK clearance time durations for the case study intersections included: • The White Plains case study intersection did not have pedestrian intervals that exceeded the available green time for any crosswalk and/or WALK time scenarios.
Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and clearance time durations for case study intersection in White Plains, New York. Approach/ crosswalk Northbound/ south Southbound/ north Eastbound/ west Westbound/ east Length (ft.) Clearance time (sec.) 3.00 ft./sec. TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ANALYSIS 3.50 ft./sec. 4.00 ft./sec. Clearance time with 7-sec. WALK (sec.) [total WALK time] 3.00 3.50 4.00 ft./sec. ft./sec. ft./sec. Available green (sec.) 67 22 19 17 29 26 24 35 67 22 19 17 29 26 24 35 64 21 18 16 28 25 23 55 62 21 18 16 28 25 23 55 Table F-12 shows the intersection operational and geometric characteristics for the White Plains case study intersection. Figure F-3 shows the overall average vehicle delay (AVD) and intersection level of service (LOS) under various peak-hour traffic volume and pedestrian walking speed scenarios (3.00, 3.50, 4.00 ft./sec. and base conditions). The traffic volumes modeled at the White Plains case study intersection ranged from existing conditions to an increase of 25 percent of existing conditions. Traffic volumes at this intersection were substantially lower than capacity, and even increasing the traffic volumes on each approach by 25 percent did not cause any impact on the AVD along major and minor street approaches. Table F-13 shows the overall intersection LOS and AVD (in sec.) under various peak-hour traffic volume scenarios and under pedestrian walking speeds of 3.00 ft./sec., 3.50 ft./sec., and 4.00 ft./sec. As shown in Table F-13, LOS and vehicular delay for each walking speed scenario essentially did not differ from the existing conditions. This intersection had adequate signal time available for all pedestrian phases with lower walking speeds and each of the concurrent traffic movements. Therefore, vehicular delay was not affected when the green times were adjusted based on the lower walking speeds. For major street and minor street approaches, there was no change in LOS (LOS C and LOS B, respectively) under all volume and pedestrian walking speed scenarios analyzed. 187
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
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• Give third priority to signaliz
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15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
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Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
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Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
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The case study intersections in Sal
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Five different traffic volume condi
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Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
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Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
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There was no change in overall LOS
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Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
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Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
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the countdown at the end of the FDW
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lengths are preferred for pedestria
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Table 23. Comparison of the literat
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observer was assigned to each inter
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APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
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PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
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d) Plan to use during the next one
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Question 22 If you answered “yes
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Table A-1. Distribution of responde
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Table A-2. Respondent organizations
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Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
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6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
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Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
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PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
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PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
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3. Seniors and other adults showed
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• No. Countdown timers encourage
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the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
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• None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
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PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
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APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
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BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142: Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143 and 144: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146: Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
Page 147 and 148: SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150: For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
Page 157 and 158: SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
Page 159 and 160: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 161 and 162: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 163 and 164: Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
Page 165 and 166: Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
Page 167 and 168: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 169 and 170: As shown in Table E-12, major stree
Page 171 and 172: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
Page 173 and 174: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 175 and 176: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
Page 177 and 178: SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
Page 179 and 180: RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
Page 183 and 184: cross. That is, at an intersection
Page 185: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 189 and 190: Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
Page 193 and 194: BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
Page 195 and 196: Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
Page 197 and 198: Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 199 and 200: Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
Page 201 and 202: Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
Page 203 and 204: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 205 and 206: Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 207 and 208: Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
Page 209 and 210: APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
Page 211 and 212: BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
Page 213 and 214: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 217 and 218: Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
Page 219 and 220: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 221 and 222: Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
Page 223 and 224: Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 225 and 226: Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
Page 227 and 228: APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
Page 229 and 230: COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
Page 231 and 232: APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
Page 233 and 234: 3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
Page 235 and 236: Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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