Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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112 • Promotes pedestrian entry during clearance phase (n = 5) • Drivers tend to start when the countdown is ending; some drivers speed up; drivers focus on the countdown timer (n = 5) • Pedestrians underestimate time to cross; countdown makes them think they must run (n = 4) • Cost/cost of maintenance; maintenance is more difficult (n = 2) • Pedestrians think they need more time when in actuality time given is adequate (n = 2) • Use of technology for technology’s sake (n = 1) • Encourages jaywalking (n = 1) • Higher potential for left-turning vehicles to hit a pedestrian (n = 1) • Pedestrians tend to slow down because they know they have the time (n = 1) OBSERVED EVIDENCE OF DIFFERENTIAL PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCE BASED ON AGE AND/OR PHYSICAL ABILITIES With the use of PCD signals, have you observed any evidence of differential pedestrian experience based on age and/or physical abilities (such as school age children, teenagers, elderly, or wheelchair users)? (Q=26) • None (n = 37) • Kids and teenagers cross at any chance they get, equally; adults cross where and when they want (n = 5) • More calls to city; not enough time to cross (n = 3) • Yes (n = 2) • Older people comfortable crossing the street (n = 2) • Inconclusive (n = 1) • Pedestrians can react more quickly to the signal indication; additional information helps pedestrians make decisions (n = 1) • People with reduced/limited mobility appreciate the countdown signals (n = 1) OBSERVED DIFFERENCES IN MOTORIST BEHAVIOR AT INTERSECTIONS EQUIPPED WITH PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWND SIGNALS Have you observed any differences in motorist behavior at intersections equipped with PCD signals? (Q27)
• None (n = 32) • Motorists speed up (n = 19) • Motorists tend to slow down (n = 2) • Yes (n = 2) • Red-light running violations are down (n = 1) Table A-6. Areas that conducted evaluations, have policies, or draft policies. Maryland State Highway Administration City of Thornton, Colorado City of Fountain Valley, California City of Phoenix, Arizona Minnesota Department of Transportation Before/after studies of pedestrians and vehicle reaction; sponsored two evaluations on PCD signals. When the first PCD head was put up at school locations, they were videotaped and interviews were conducted at the schools 6 weeks after the installation. The response was very favorable and city council wanted them installed at all intersections. There are 4 years left in complete citywide installation. Available upon request. Before/after studies showed improved pedestrian compliance with countdown heads. Driver behavior was not studied. www.dot.state.mn.us/metro/trafficeng/signals/reports.html Salt Lake City, Utah A short pedestrian survey was conducted. Road Commission of Oakland County, Michigan In process by City; evaluating whether pedestrians are entering late and if they have any issues crossing in the time allotted. Edmonton, Canada Pedestrian and motorist behavior survey.s. Boulder, Colorado Intercept survey shortly after installation of first countdown signals found very high correct understanding of indications and high ratings of usefulness of information provided. Observations of pedestrian behavior found some increase in pedestrians starting after beginning of FDW but little, if any, increase in pedestrians starting to cross late in the FDW when inappropriate. 113
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
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• Give third priority to signaliz
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15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
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Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
Page 61 and 62: Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
Page 63 and 64: The case study intersections in Sal
Page 65 and 66: Five different traffic volume condi
Page 67 and 68: Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
Page 69 and 70: Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
Page 71 and 72: There was no change in overall LOS
Page 73 and 74: Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
Page 75 and 76: Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
Page 77 and 78: the countdown at the end of the FDW
Page 79 and 80: lengths are preferred for pedestria
Page 81 and 82: Table 23. Comparison of the literat
Page 83 and 84: observer was assigned to each inter
Page 85 and 86: APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
Page 87 and 88: PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
Page 89 and 90: d) Plan to use during the next one
Page 91 and 92: Question 22 If you answered “yes
Page 93 and 94: Table A-1. Distribution of responde
Page 95 and 96: Table A-2. Respondent organizations
Page 97 and 98: Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
Page 99 and 100: 6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
Page 101 and 102: Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
Page 103 and 104: PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
Page 105 and 106: PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
Page 107 and 108: 3. Seniors and other adults showed
Page 109 and 110: • No. Countdown timers encourage
Page 111: the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
Page 115 and 116: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120: BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 123 and 124: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 125 and 126: Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
Page 127 and 128: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 129 and 130: Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 131 and 132: Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 133 and 134: Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
Page 135 and 136: APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142: Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143 and 144: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146: Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
Page 147 and 148: SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150: For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
Page 157 and 158: SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
Page 159 and 160: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 161 and 162: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
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Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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As shown in Table E-12, major stree
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
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SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
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RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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cross. That is, at an intersection
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
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APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
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BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
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Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
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Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
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Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
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APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
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BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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