Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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210 LIST OF TABLES Table/Page H-1/211.Orange County, California population distribution by age. H-2/214. Walking speeds for pedestrians at intersections in Orange County, California. H-3/215. Significance testing of difference in mean walking speed at traditional and pedestrian countdown signals for two age groups. H-4/215. Significance testing of difference in mean walking speed for younger pedestrians and older pedestrians for two types of pedestrian signal. H-5/216. Walking speeds of pedestrians with impairments, regardless of age, in Orange County, California. H-6/217. Frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during the WALK, flashing DON’T WALK, or DON’T WALK indication at traditional signals in Orange County, California. H-7/217. Frequency and percentage of younger pedestrians entering during the WALK, flashing DON’T WALK, or DON’T WALK indication at pedestrian countdown signals in Orange County, California. H-8/218. Frequency and percentage of older pedestrians entering during the WALK, flashing DON’T WALK, or DON’T WALK indication at traditional signals in Orange County, California. H-9/218. Frequency and percentage of older pedestrians entering during the WALK, flashing DON’T WALK, or DON’T WALK indication at pedestrian countdown signals in Orange County, California. H-10/219. Pedestrians remaining in the intersection at the start of the DON’T WALK interval in Orange County, California. H-11/220. Pedestrian WALK and clearance time durations for case study intersection in Orange County, California. H-12/222. Orange County, California case study intersection characteristics: approach lane usage, peak-hour traffic volumes, and cycle length. H-13/225. Orange County, California: case study intersection level of service under various peak-hour traffic volume and pedestrian walking speed scenarios. LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page H-1/211. Map of Orange County, California. H-2/223. Delay vs. volumes at case study intersection for walking speeds of 3.00, 3.50, 4.00 ft./sec. and base conditions. H-3/223. Intersection delay for major and minor street approaches, 3.00 ft./sec. walking speed, Orange County, California. H-4/224. Intersection delay for major and minor street approaches, 3.50 ft./sec. walking speed, Orange County, California. H-5/224. Intersection delay for major and minor street approaches, 4.00 ft./sec. walking speed, Orange County, California.
BACKGROUND Orange County, California is located south of Los Angeles along the Pacific Coast, as shown in Figure H-1. The county grew from 2.4 million in 1990 to 2.8 million in 2000, an increase of 18 percent (California State University, Fullerton, Center for Demographic Research). This was 5 percent higher than the growth rate of the United States (13 percent) during the same time period. Of the 2.8 million residents in 2000, 8.7 percent were between the ages of 65 and 84 and 1.2 percent were 85 and older. This means that 9.9 percent of the population was 65 and older. This is slightly lower than both the state of California (10.4 percent) and the United States as a whole (12.4 percent), as shown in Table H-1. Figure H-1. Map of Orange County, California (California State University, Fullerton, Center for Demographic Research). Table H-1. Orange County, California population distribution by age. Age Population Orange County California United States Percent of total Population Percent of total Population Percent of total Under 18 768,419 27.0 9,249,829 27.3 72,293,812 25.7 18–34 734,505 25.8 8,595,092 25.4 67,035,178 23.8 35–54 838,028 29.4 9,816,976 29.0 82,826,479 29.4 55–64 224,574 7.9 2,614,093 7.7 24,274,684 8.6 65–84 246,669 8.7 3,170,001 9.4 30,752,166 10.9 85 and older 34,094 1.2 425,657 1.3 4,239,587 1.5 Total 2,846,289 100 33,871,648 100 281,421,906 100 211
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
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• Give third priority to signaliz
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15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
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Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
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Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
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The case study intersections in Sal
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Five different traffic volume condi
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Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
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Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
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There was no change in overall LOS
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Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
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Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
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the countdown at the end of the FDW
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lengths are preferred for pedestria
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Table 23. Comparison of the literat
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observer was assigned to each inter
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APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
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PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
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d) Plan to use during the next one
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Question 22 If you answered “yes
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Table A-1. Distribution of responde
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Table A-2. Respondent organizations
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Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
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6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
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Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
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PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
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PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
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3. Seniors and other adults showed
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• No. Countdown timers encourage
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the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
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• None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
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PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
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APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
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BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
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APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
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BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
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• Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
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Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Table D-4. Significance testing of
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Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
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SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
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For the major street approaches, LO
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
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SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
Page 159 and 160: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 161 and 162: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 163 and 164: Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
Page 165 and 166: Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
Page 167 and 168: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 169 and 170: As shown in Table E-12, major stree
Page 171 and 172: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
Page 173 and 174: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 175 and 176: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
Page 177 and 178: SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
Page 179 and 180: RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
Page 183 and 184: cross. That is, at an intersection
Page 185 and 186: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 187 and 188: Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 189 and 190: Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
Page 193 and 194: BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
Page 195 and 196: Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
Page 197 and 198: Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 199 and 200: Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
Page 201 and 202: Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
Page 203 and 204: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 205 and 206: Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 207 and 208: Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
Page 209: APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
Page 213 and 214: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 217 and 218: Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
Page 219 and 220: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 221 and 222: Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
Page 223 and 224: Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 225 and 226: Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
Page 227 and 228: APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
Page 229 and 230: COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
Page 231 and 232: APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
Page 233 and 234: 3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
Page 235 and 236: Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
Page 237 and 238: Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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