Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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72 Orange County, California Figure 13 and Table 21 show the total intersection LOS and ADPV for the Orange County, California case study intersection under various peak-hour traffic volume and pedestrian walking speed scenarios. Table H-11 in Appendix H shows the intersection operational and geometric characteristics for the Orange County case study intersection. Because volume data were not available from the jurisdiction, existing volumes were estimated based on the operational and geometric characteristics of the intersection. Total intersection volume was estimated at 6,500 peak-hour vehicles, with 2,000 vehicles and 1,250 vehicles on the major and minor street approaches, respectively. This approach produced more of a saturated/lower LOS condition at a “base” scenario level similar to the base condition LOS at the Montgomery County, Maryland case study intersection. Table 21 shows there was a uniform increase in ADPV for the volume scenario that was 5 percent above existing volumes. Here, there was a greater vehicular delay at pedestrian walking speeds of 4.00 ft./sec., 3.50 ft./sec., and 3.00 ft./sec. (in that order). The ADPV was 72 sec., 68 sec., and 55 sec., respectively. This trend remained the same for volume scenarios to 10 and 15 percent above existing volumes. The total intersection LOS decreased from LOS D to LOS F under the 3.00 ft./sec. walking speed scenario when existing volume conditions were compared to a modeled increase of 10 percent above existing volume conditions. Concomitantly, there was a corresponding increase in ADPV of 75 sec. An incremental increase of another 5 percent of peak-hour volume (to 15 percent above existing volumes) at the 3.00 ft./sec. pedestrian walking speed added 47 sec. to the ADPV. Thus, from existing volume conditions to a modeled increase of 15 percent over existing volumes, there was a reduction of two LOS designations (from LOS D to F) and a corresponding increase in 122 sec. for ADPV. Under the 3.50 ft./sec. pedestrian walking speed scenario, the delay for the 3.50 ft./sec. scenario increased at a greater rate than the 3.00 ft./sec. scenario until traffic volumes were increased between 5 and 10 percent. This occurred because the 3.00 ft./sec. scenario provided more green time for the minor street due to the increase in the PCI for the parallel pedestrian movement. Under the 3.50 ft./sec. pedestrian walking speed scenario and under a scenario that increased existing volumes by 15 percent, the total intersection LOS decreased from LOS D to F and there was a corresponding increase of 108 sec. in ADPV. At the 4.00 ft./sec. pedestrian walking speed scenario, a large increase in ADPV occurred at the existing level to 5 percent above existing volume conditions (17 sec.), following smaller increases exhibited in the modeled 5 to 10 percent above existing conditions volume level (4 sec.) and at the modeled 10 to 15 percent above existing conditions volume level (6 sec.). The total increase in average intersection delay per vehicle from the existing volume condition level to the 15 percent above existing volume condition level was 28 sec. and there was a reduction of one LOS designation from LOS E to F. Note that the difference in ADPV between the 15 percent above existing volume condition and the existing volume condition at the 3.00 ft./sec. and 3.50 ft./sec. pedestrian walking speed scenarios was 94 sec. and 80 sec., respectively. A discussion of LOS and AVD for the major and minor approaches is included in Appendix H to this report. Table H-12 and Figures H-3, H-4, and H-5 in Appendix H show intersection delay for major and minor street approaches at walking speeds of 3.00, 3.50, and 4.00 ft./sec. at the Orange County case study intersection.
Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Orange County, California case study intersection for walking speeds of 3.00, 3.50, 4.00 ft./sec. and base conditions. Table 21. Orange County, California: Total intersection level of service and average delay per vehicle under various volume and pedestrian walking speed scenarios. Walking speed scenario -10-percent volume Existing volume LOS (and average delay, in sec.) +5-percent volume +10-percent volume +15-percent volume 3.00 ft./sec. C (32) D (39) E (55) F (114) F (161) 3.50 ft./sec. C (33) D (38) E (68) F (99) F (146) 4.00 ft./sec. C (32) E (55) E (72) E (76) F (83) 73
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
Page 22 and 23: 22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
Page 25 and 26: METHODS The project objectives were
Page 27 and 28: and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
Page 29 and 30: the potential impact of various wal
Page 31 and 32: Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
Page 33 and 34: • a PCD signal with both the coun
Page 35 and 36: six crosswalks experienced a signif
Page 37 and 38: where: W = duration of WALK indicat
Page 39 and 40: Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
Page 41 and 42: Table 3. Summary of empirical data
Page 43 and 44: Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
Page 45 and 46: SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
Page 47 and 48: Walking Speeds The project team mea
Page 49 and 50: RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
Page 51 and 52: 5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
Page 53 and 54: POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
Page 55 and 56: • Give third priority to signaliz
Page 57 and 58: 15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
Page 59 and 60: Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
Page 61 and 62: Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
Page 63 and 64: The case study intersections in Sal
Page 65 and 66: Five different traffic volume condi
Page 67 and 68: Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
Page 69 and 70: Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
Page 71: There was no change in overall LOS
Page 75 and 76: Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
Page 77 and 78: the countdown at the end of the FDW
Page 79 and 80: lengths are preferred for pedestria
Page 81 and 82: Table 23. Comparison of the literat
Page 83 and 84: observer was assigned to each inter
Page 85 and 86: APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
Page 87 and 88: PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
Page 89 and 90: d) Plan to use during the next one
Page 91 and 92: Question 22 If you answered “yes
Page 93 and 94: Table A-1. Distribution of responde
Page 95 and 96: Table A-2. Respondent organizations
Page 97 and 98: Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
Page 99 and 100: 6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
Page 101 and 102: Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
Page 103 and 104: PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
Page 105 and 106: PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
Page 107 and 108: 3. Seniors and other adults showed
Page 109 and 110: • No. Countdown timers encourage
Page 111 and 112: the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
Page 113 and 114: • None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
Page 115 and 116: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
Page 119 and 120: BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
Page 121 and 122: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
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APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
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BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
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• Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
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Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Table D-4. Significance testing of
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Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
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SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
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For the major street approaches, LO
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
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SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
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Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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As shown in Table E-12, major stree
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3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
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SUMMARY In summary, the key results
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
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SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
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RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
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cross. That is, at an intersection
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Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Table F-13. White Plains, New York:
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APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
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BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
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Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
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Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
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Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
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Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
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EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
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Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
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APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
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BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
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Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
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Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
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APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
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COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
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APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
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3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
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Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
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Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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