Pedestrian Signal Safety - AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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188 Table F-12. White Plains, New York intersection characteristics: approach lane usage, peak-hour traffic volumes, and cycle length. Approach Northbound (MN) Southbound (MN) Eastbound (MJ) Westbound (MJ) Number of approach lanes L LT T TR R Total Existing +5 percent Peak-hour tra ffic vol umes (existing and m odeled) +10 percent +15 percent +25 percent 0 0 1 1 0 2 513 539 564 590 641 0 0 1 1 0 2 457 480 503 526 571 0 0 0 1 1 2 300 315 330 345 375 0 0 0 1 1 2 341 358 375 392 426 MJ approach 0 0 2 2 0 4 970 1,019 1,067 1,116 1,213 MN approach Vol ume range 970 – 1,213 0 0 0 2 2 4 641 673 705 737 801 641 –801 Total 0 0 2 4 4 8 1,611 1,692 1,772 1,853 2,014 Cycl e len gth: 100 sec. * Note: L = left; LT = left-through; T = through; TR = through-right; R = right. Figure F-3. Delay vs. volumes at case study intersection for walking speeds of 3.00, 3.50, 4.00 ft./ sec. and base conditions. 1,611 – 2,014
Table F-13. White Plains, New York: intersection level of service under various peak-hour traffic volume and pedestrian walking speed scenarios. Walking speed scenario Existing volume +5 percent volume LOS (and average delay, in sec.) +10 percent volume +15 percent volume +25 percent volume 3.00 ft./sec. B (17) B (17) B (17) B (18) B (18) 3.50 ft./sec. B (17) B (17) B (17) B (18) B (18) 4.00 ft./sec. B (17) B (17) B (17) B (18) B (18) Major street LOS (and average delay, in sec.) 3.00 ft./sec. C (23) C (23) C (23) C (23) C (24) 3.50 ft./sec. C (23) C (23) C (23) C (23) C (24) 4.00 ft./sec. C (23) C (23) C (23) C (23) C (24) Minor street LOS (and average delay, in sec.) 3.00 ft./sec. B (13) B (13) B (13) B (14) B (13) 3.50 ft./sec. B (13) B (13) B (13) B (14) B (13) 4.00 ft./sec. B (13) B (13) B (13) B (14) B (13) * Note: Cycle length= 100 sec. SUMMARY In summary, the key results are as follows for White Plains: • Walking speeds for older pedestrians were generally slower than for pedestrians younger than 65 by about 0.50 to 0.70 ft./sec. These differences were statistically significant at the 95percent confidence level for both traditional and countdown signals. There was no statistically significant difference between traditional and PCD signals for both age groups. • Pedestrians with mobility impairments and without motorized wheelchairs had appreciably slower walking speeds—their mean was 3.00 ft./sec. compared to about 4.40 ft./sec. for older pedestrians in general and 5.00 ft./sec. for younger pedestrians. A small sample size is recognized. • Older pedestrians had a slower start-up time, but this will vary by intersection and leg of intersection. • A higher level of non-compliance (entering crosswalk on DW display) was found with the younger group and with countdown signals regardless of age. • No statistically significant differences were found for the percentage of pedestrians left in the intersection when comparing age or type of pedestrian signal. • Surveyed pedestrians generally preferred the PCD signal to traditional signals, with 90 percent of pedestrians understanding the indication. 189
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Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older
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LIST OF TABLES Table/Page ES-1/19.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure/Page 1/22. E
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LIST OF DEFINITIONS Access Board Th
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FOREWORD ABOUT THE SPONSOR This stu
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16 Mark J. Kulewicz Director-Traffi
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18 LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS • O
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20 1. Based on the results observed
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22 Figure 1. Example of a pedestria
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METHODS The project objectives were
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and 3.40 ft./sec. for pedestrians o
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the potential impact of various wal
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Pedestrian Start-Up Time Pedestrian
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• a PCD signal with both the coun
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six crosswalks experienced a signif
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where: W = duration of WALK indicat
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Gates, Noyce, Bill, and Van Ee expa
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Table 3. Summary of empirical data
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Table 4. Summary of researcher reco
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SITE SELECTION/EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
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Walking Speeds The project team mea
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RESULTS AGENCY SURVEY FINDINGS Deta
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5 0 . 0 % 4 5 . 0 % 4 0 . 0 % 3 5 .
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POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN COUN
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• Give third priority to signaliz
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15th-Percentile Walking Speed The 1
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Table 10: Pedestrian signal complia
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Table 12. Older pedestrians remaini
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The case study intersections in Sal
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Five different traffic volume condi
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Minneapolis/St.Paul, Minnesota Figu
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Figure 10. Delay vs. volumes at Mon
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There was no change in overall LOS
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Figure 13. Delay vs. volumes at Ora
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Pedestrian Understanding and Prefer
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the countdown at the end of the FDW
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lengths are preferred for pedestria
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Table 23. Comparison of the literat
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observer was assigned to each inter
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APPENDIX A WEB-PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN
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PURPOSE OF SURVEY The purpose of th
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d) Plan to use during the next one
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Question 22 If you answered “yes
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Table A-1. Distribution of responde
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Table A-2. Respondent organizations
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Figure A-2 shows the distribution o
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6 0 .0 % 5 5 .0 % 5 0 .0 % 4 5 .0 %
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Figure A-7. Roadway characteristics
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PEDESTRIAN COUNTDOWN SIGNAL START/E
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PCD Signal Start/End Times Start of
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3. Seniors and other adults showed
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• No. Countdown timers encourage
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the crossing time remaining? Yes 20
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• None (n = 32) • Motorists spe
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PEDESTRIAN SAFETY FOR OLDER PEDESTR
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APPENDIX C: BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA
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BACKGROUND Broward County is locate
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DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
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For younger pedestrians, the mean w
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Pedestrians Under 65 Table C-6 show
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Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
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Table C-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
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Figure C-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
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Table C-13. Broward County, Florida
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APPENDIX D: MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, M
Page 137 and 138: BACKGROUND Minneapolis, in southeas
Page 139 and 140: • Lyndale Avenue and Franklin Ave
Page 141 and 142: Table D-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 143 and 144: Table D-4. Significance testing of
Page 145 and 146: Table D-7. Frequency and percentage
Page 147 and 148: SURVEY RESULTS A total of 150 pedes
Page 149 and 150: For the major street approaches, LO
Page 151 and 152: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure D-6. Intersect
Page 153 and 154: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 155 and 156: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page E-1/156.
Page 157 and 158: SITE SELECTION Engineering staff fr
Page 159 and 160: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 161 and 162: For younger pedestrians, the mean w
Page 163 and 164: Twenty-two pedestrians with mobilit
Page 165 and 166: Older Pedestrians Table E-8 shows t
Page 167 and 168: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 169 and 170: As shown in Table E-12, major stree
Page 171 and 172: 3.50 ft./sec. Figure E-6. Intersect
Page 173 and 174: SUMMARY In summary, the key results
Page 175 and 176: LIST OF TABLES Table/Page F-1/176.
Page 177 and 178: SITE SELECTION The City of White Pl
Page 179 and 180: RESULTS Walking Speeds The walking
Page 183 and 184: cross. That is, at an intersection
Page 185 and 186: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 187: Table F-11. Pedestrian WALK and cle
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX G: SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH CA
Page 193 and 194: BACKGROUND Salt Lake City is Utah
Page 195 and 196: Figure G-2 displays the type of ped
Page 197 and 198: Table G-2. Walking speeds for pedes
Page 199 and 200: Pedestrians with Impairments Pedest
Page 201 and 202: Older Pedestrians Table G-8 shows t
Page 203 and 204: EFFECT OF CHANGING WALKING SPEEDS O
Page 205 and 206: Figure G-3. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 207 and 208: Table G-13. Salt Lake City, Utah in
Page 209 and 210: APPENDIX H: ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORN
Page 211 and 212: BACKGROUND Orange County, Californi
Page 213 and 214: DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Pedestr
Page 217 and 218: Younger Pedestrians Table H-6 shows
Page 219 and 220: Pedestrians Left in Intersection At
Page 221 and 222: Figure H-2 shows the overall averag
Page 223 and 224: Figure H-2. Delay vs. volumes at ca
Page 225 and 226: Table H-13. Orange County, Californ
Page 227 and 228: APPENDIX I: MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK
Page 229 and 230: COUNTY OF MONROE DEPARTMENT OF TRAN
Page 231 and 232: APPENDIX J: NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U
Page 233 and 234: 3. Add a new Guidance statement rec
Page 235 and 236: Guidance: Where the pedestrian clea
Page 237 and 238: Fugger, T.F., B.C. Randles, A.C. St
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