Operational Plan for the Restoration of Diadromous Fishes to the ...

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Fish are distributed between ICES Standard Weeks 15 and 19 (9 April to May 13) ensuring that each location is stocked throughout the time period (not all the smolts at any one location are stocked on one date). This plan will continue through 2009, but should be reviewed and revised based on redd distributions, returns to Weldon, and other data on distribution of adults throughout the drainage. Adult Stocking or Transport Stocking sexually mature adults bridges the gap between the most highly domesticated life history stage stocked (adult) and the most natural life history stage introduced into the stream (naturally spawned eggs). Domestically reared adults undergo the most extensive domestication selection of all life history stages. Therefore, they typically perform poorly in natural reproduction compared to wild adults. However, despite this shortcoming, they may be a valuable tool in restoration because they offer one of the most naturalistic pathways to populate the rivers with juvenile salmon. In particular, stocked adult fish must undergo the same natural and sexual selection regimes that wild fish do once in the river at spawning time. This is absent in other stocking strategies. Their progeny are the result of natural spawning where reproductive behavior, nest site selection, mate selection, spawning time, and nest construction have all survived the test of natural and sexual selection. Potential drawbacks of adult stocking include: 1) managers often have limited control over where the fish spawn, 2) spawning timing is often asynchronous with natural conditions (late spawning), 3) stocked fish may introduce excessive competition with wild fish for spawning locations or mates, 4) stocked fish may superimpose redds on wild redds, 5) rearing adult fish requires substantial hatchery spaces and resources and may increase hatchery discharge. The effectiveness of adult stocking is still in question. Recent attempts to stock adults in Maine have generally shown poor results, but with more recent positive results. Assessment is still underway, but CBNFH reared adults seem to be able to produce juvenile densities similar to fry stocking, and their progeny may have higher fitness than fry stocked fish. Adult stocking may be used to bypass high mortality at any life history stage (particularly smolt to adult), but alternatively, it is perhaps the method that requires habitat be considered most carefully because the entire life history of the salmon is represented with this approach. The early life history experience of stocked adults may be important in the reproductive success, as are rearing the fish to naturalistic size, and stocking them at advantageous times of year. The best time to stock adult fish is unclear, but arguments can be made to introduce them as early in the fall as possible, or in spring/early summer. The current restoration program routinely produces adult fish that are excess to hatchery needs. However, the need for these fish in the hatchery is often not established until early fall. Thus, stocking time may be constrained by hatchery PRFP Page 176
operations. Adult fish reared specifically for adult stocking should be stocked at a time of year thought optimal for their success. This will likely need to be tested because we do not know the best time of year to stock these fish. Furthermore, adult fish intended to be stocked in the rivers, whether reared solely for that purpose or as a byproduct of other restoration approaches, should be reared to optimize natural reproductive success. Therefore, they should be within the natural size range of the fish, be physiologically in synchrony with the natural environment, and reared under conditions that allow juveniles to establish territories. Adult fish may move substantial distances and managers must either restrict their movements or be prepared for the fish to leave the reaches where they were stocked and reproduce elsewhere. PRFP Page 177
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Operational Plan for the Restoratio
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Introduction The overarching goal o
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Section 1 - Alewife, American eel,
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Introduction Five species (shortnos
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3.0 Objective: Rebuild the rainbow
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Table 1. List of lakes above Veazie
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Figure 1. Alewife Phase 1 habitat (
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Table 2. River habitat that histori
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Work Plan Table The budget includes
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3.1.3, 3.2.1, and 3.3.1 Estimate th
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USFWS (Seavey). Analysis may includ
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A boat electrofishing survey (Yoder
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Table 5. Results of natural recolon
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Because adult shad mortality increa
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11.0 Rebuild the striped bass popul
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meta-population. Based on watershed
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Objective 12: Increase wild/natural
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Work Plan Table The budget includes
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14.1.2 14.1.3 14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3
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12.1.4 Operate the adult Atlantic s
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12.6.1 Proposal to investigate natu
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the ability to target specific area
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occur. Assessment is likely to incl
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smolts needs to be documented (Task
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Section 2 - Passage and Connectivit
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Atlantic salmon. Two dams on the St
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On the tributaries, the downstream
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can prevent the successful downstre
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ensure maximum emigration of target
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18.1.2 Strategy: Develop/conduct as
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21.1.1 Strategy: Develop a Memorand
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17.1.6 17.2.1 17.2.2 17.2.3 17.2.4
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17.6.5 17.6.6 17.6.7 18.1.1 18.1.2
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20.1.6 20.1.7 20.1.8 20.1.9 20.2.1
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Over the past 20 years, there have
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that address fish passage. Similarl
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17.2.4 Assess Fish Passage Improvem
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17.5.1 Review the FERC License and
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18.1.1 Review Need and Process to I
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19.1.4 Consult and/or Partner with
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goals, DMR will need to work with l
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21.1.5 Develop Memorandum of Unders
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Section 3 - Habitat PRFP Page 83
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Hydrology Riparian and organic inpu
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22.8 Strategy: Undertake an IFIM to
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Work Plan Narratives 22.1 Expand US
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Recent surveys in coastal Maine riv
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Section 4 - Non-Native species incl
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23.1.1.1.1.2 East Branch Pond, whic
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Investigate and maintain current bl
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The dam at Schoodic Lake has a 6’
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Work with IFW regional biologists t
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Authors: Joan Trial and Melissa Las
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Objective 28: Support regional and
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Coordinate data collection and shar
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Work Plan Narratives 26.1. Convene
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27.5 Hold an interagency technical
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River Restoration Trust (PRRT or Tr
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Appendices Appendix A - Role of Hat
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Population Structure The ‘concept
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supplementation have been highly su
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3. Blueback Herring Meristic/Morpho
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populations, Waldman et al. (1996)
Page 129 and 130: Summary No specific information is
Page 131 and 132: References Anderson, M.G., Vickery,
Page 133 and 134: Cumberland Basin, New Brunswick. Ph
Page 135 and 136: Table 1. Sub-drainage and reaches i
Page 137 and 138: itself verses mortality that may oc
Page 139 and 140: We estimated cumulative dam mortali
Page 141 and 142: Female Returns 16000 14000 12000 10
Page 143 and 144: that must be passed. Furthermore, h
Page 145 and 146: Appendix C - Penobscot Habitat and
Page 147 and 148: Parr density (no. / 100 m 2 ) 45 40
Page 149 and 150: Enfield Weldon to West Enfield Matt
Page 151 and 152: Habitat (units) Parr Production Hab
Page 153 and 154: Figure 8. Optimal parr production s
Page 155 and 156: Subwatershed Dam Reach Management R
Page 167 and 168: lakes fisheries: a general review a
Page 169 and 170: ecommended adjustments. While other
Page 171 and 172: Major flexibility constraints of th
Page 173 and 174: Table 6. Continued. YOY Parr Result
Page 175 and 176: Appendix E - Atlantic Salmon Fisher
Page 177 and 178: easonably be accessed; and 4) minim
Page 179: Approximately 600,000 smolts are st
Page 183 and 184: Methods We chose to divide the Peno
Page 185 and 186: • Measure 1b: Sub-drainages with
Page 187 and 188: Objective 3: Discontinue supplement
Page 189 and 190: � Strategy- Assess environmental
Page 191 and 192: Appendix G - Habitat Survey and Ass
Page 193 and 194: elated to diadromous fishes upstrea
Page 195 and 196: designs (GRTS), where samples are r
Page 197 and 198: with panels starting in year 1, 2,
Page 199 and 200: incorporate further refinements unt
Page 201 and 202: in statistical analyses stratum Str
Page 203 and 204: Appendix I - Downstream Passage Stu
Page 205 and 206: MILFORD (FERC No. 2534) Project Des
Page 207 and 208: Bangor-Pacific Hydro Associates. 19
Page 209 and 210: Shepard, S.L. and S.D. Hall. 1991.
Page 211 and 212: Options under the Multiparty Settle
Page 213 and 214: As a result of the discussion at th
Page 215 and 216: By 2000, PPL (new owner of the dams
Page 217 and 218: arriers to prevent movement of pike
Page 219 and 220: Kennebec 2008 WhittierPond Vienna N
Page 221 and 222: are a coldwater species and need ac
Page 223 and 224: Figure 4. Total species composition
Page 225 and 226: northern pike (Lucas 2008, Scott an
Page 227 and 228: Above1 Run 16.3 551 7 FLF, YLP, WHS
Page 229 and 230: any given water. During warmer peri
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In Maine, lake trout feed primarily
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Piscataquis drainage will likely of
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approximately 14°C”. These tempe
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cover, and aquatic macrophytes are
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and 2) the availability of data in
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Table 5 Northern Pike Waterway Habi
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4. The 40 largest watebodies in the
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5. About 97 percent of the rivers a
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Human-Caused Introductions Backgrou
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Table 7 Maine Lake Northern Pike Di
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Pattern of Introduction and Dispers
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4) The model developed by Solow and
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Inventory of Risk Rating for Waterb
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(Buck's Falls and Cowyard Falls), m
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Prescott Pond Little Wilson Stream
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Summary of Ecological Risk Introduc
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No improvements were made over the
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Level 3 Management actions These ar
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d. Conduct habitat surveys of the P
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Gallagher, M., R. Dill and G. Krame
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Starfield, A. M. and A. L. Bleloch.
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Appendix A: Trapping/Sorting/Counti
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means to “provide safe, timely an
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comprise the majority of fish passi
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exclusion. Information from publish
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A series TSCF system would route al
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(i.e., total exclusion of the targe
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PRFP Page 283
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Appendix B Outline for Preliminary
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channel would carry almost 1000 cfs
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powerhouse), rock weir/chevron/rest
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PRFP Page 291
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populations. Although each member s
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Appendix K - Northern Pike Movement
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MAINE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE RESOURCE
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Table of Contents (Cont’d) LIST O
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2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2
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3.0 METHODS Both streams were surve
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4.0 RESULTS 4.1 East Branch Lake 4.
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elevation) difference from the crib
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Figure 4: Water and Channel Elevati
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A portion of the stream passes to t
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4.1.3 Wangan and Sanborn brooks are
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Photo 6: View Looking Northwesterly
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location that would prevent fish fr
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APPENDIX 1 SURVEY OF NATURAL BARRIE
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Figure A-1: Orientation of Study Si
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Photo A-3: View from within Sanborn
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Response to Comments and Suggested
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Response: Early mortality syndrome
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population can provide 97,500 alewi
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DMR proposes to expand the Waldobor
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Salmon Comment: There are advocates
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Table 4. Species disposition Specie
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Kingsbury Pond X Long Pond X Long P
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Halfmoon Pond X Hammond Pond X X X
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West Garland Pond X West Lake X X X
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spread of any invasive species, and
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Response: There are conditions when
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Comment: Plan often uses the terms
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